Given a 2D board containing ‘X’ and ‘O’, capture all regions surrounded by ‘X’. A region is captured by flipping all ‘O’s into ‘X’s in that surrounded region.
For example,
X X X X X O O X X X O X X O X X
After running your function, the board should be:
X X X X X X X X X X X X X O X X
Analysis
This problem is similar to Number of Islands. In this problem, only the cells on the boarders can not be surrounded. So we can first merge those O’s on the boarders like in Number of Islands and replace O’s with ‘#’, and then scan the board and replace all O’s left (if any).
1. Depth-first Search
public void solve(char[][] board) { if(board == null || board.length==0) return; int m = board.length; int n = board[0].length; //merge O's on left & right boarder for(int i=0;i<m;i++){ if(board[i][0] == 'O'){ merge(board, i, 0); } if(board[i][n-1] == 'O'){ merge(board, i, n-1); } } //merge O's on top & bottom boarder for(int j=0; j<n; j++){ if(board[0][j] == 'O'){ merge(board, 0, j); } if(board[m-1][j] == 'O'){ merge(board, m-1, j); } } //process the board for(int i=0;i<m;i++){ for(int j=0; j<n; j++){ if(board[i][j] == 'O'){ board[i][j] = 'X'; }else if(board[i][j] == '#'){ board[i][j] = 'O'; } } } } public void merge(char[][] board, int i, int j){ board[i][j] = '#'; int[] dx = {-1, 0, 1, 0}; int[] dy = {0, 1, 0, -1}; for(int k=0; k<4; k++){ int x = i+dx[k]; int y = j+dy[k]; if(x>=0 && x<board.length && y>=0 && y<board[0].length && board[x][y]=='O'){ merge(board, x, y); } } } |
2. Breath-first Search
We can also use a queue to do breath-first search for this problem.
public void solve(char[][] board) { if(board==null || board.length==0 || board[0].length==0) return; int m=board.length; int n=board[0].length; for(int j=0; j<n; j++){ if(board[0][j]=='O'){ bfs(board, 0, j); } } for(int j=0; j<n; j++){ if(board[m-1][j]=='O'){ bfs(board, m-1, j); } } for(int i=0; i<m; i++){ if(board[i][0]=='O'){ bfs(board, i, 0); } } for(int i=0; i<m; i++){ if(board[i][n-1]=='O'){ bfs(board, i, n-1); } } for(int i=0; i<m; i++){ for(int j=0; j<n; j++){ if(board[i][j]=='O'){ board[i][j]='X'; } if(board[i][j]=='1'){ board[i][j]='O'; } } } } public void bfs(char[][] board, int o, int p){ int m=board.length; int n=board[0].length; int index = o*n+p; LinkedList<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<Integer>(); queue.offer(index); board[o][p]='1'; while(!queue.isEmpty()){ int top = queue.poll(); int i=top/n; int j=top%n; if(i-1>=0 && board[i-1][j]=='O'){ board[i-1][j]='1'; queue.offer((i-1)*n+j); } if(i+1<m && board[i+1][j]=='O'){ board[i+1][j]='1'; queue.offer((i+1)*n+j); } if(j-1>=0 && board[i][j-1]=='O'){ board[i][j-1]='1'; queue.offer(i*n+j-1); } if(j+1<n && board[i][j+1]=='O'){ board[i][j+1]='1'; queue.offer(i*n+j+1); } } } |
Simple Explanation Video :: https://youtu.be/Hnlc_B1VytI .
public class Solution {
static int []dx = new int[]{0,-1,0,1};
static int[]dy = new int[]{-1,0,1,0};
static class Point{
int x;
int y;
public Point(int a,int b){
x = a;
y = b;
}
}
void bfs(char[][] board,int row,int col){
int m = board.length;
int n = board[0].length;
board[row][col] = 'R';
Queueq = new LinkedList();
q.add(new Point(row,col));
while(!q.isEmpty()){
Point p = q.poll();
for(int i=0; i=0 && x=0 && y<n && board[x][y]=='O'){
q.add(new Point(x,y));
board[x][y] = 'R';
}
}
}
}
public void solve(char[][] board) {
if(board==null || board.length==0){
return;
}
int m = board.length;
int n = board[0].length;
for(int i=0; i<m; i++){
for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
if((i==0 || j==0 || j==n-1 || i==m-1)&&board[i][j]=='O'){
//System.out.println(board[i][j]);
bfs(board,i,j);
}
}
}
for(int i=0; i<m; i++){
for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
if(board[i][j]!='R'){
board[i][j] = 'X';
}else{
board[i][j] = 'O';
}
}
}
}
}
To avoid stackoverflow error, avoid revisiting the boundaries again. This is done by using the if conditions. Below is the code (5 milli secs run time.)
public class Solution {
public void solve(char[][] board) {
if (board.length == 0 || board[0].length == 0)
return;
if (board.length < 2 || board[0].length < 2)
return;
int m = board.length, n = board[0].length;
//Any 'O' connected to a boundary can't be turned to 'X', so …
//Start from first and last column, turn 'O' to '*'.
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
if (board[i][0] == 'O')
boundaryDFS(board, i, 0);
if (board[i][n-1] == 'O')
boundaryDFS(board, i, n-1);
}
//Start from first and last row, turn '0' to '*'
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (board[0][j] == 'O')
boundaryDFS(board, 0, j);
if (board[m-1][j] == 'O')
boundaryDFS(board, m-1, j);
}
//post-prcessing, turn 'O' to 'X', '*' back to 'O', keep 'X' intact.
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O')
board[i][j] = 'X';
else if (board[i][j] == '*')
board[i][j] = 'O';
}
}
}
private void boundaryDFS(char[][] board, int i, int j) {
if (i board.length – 1 || j board[0].length – 1)
return;
if (board[i][j] == ‘O’)
board[i][j] = ‘*’;
if (i > 1 && board[i-1][j] == ‘O’)
boundaryDFS(board, i-1, j);
if (i 1 && board[i][j-1] == ‘O’)
boundaryDFS(board, i, j-1);
if (j < board[i].length – 2 && board[i][j+1] == 'O' )
boundaryDFS(board, i, j+1);
}
}
I feel stackoverflow error comes because we end up visiting the same index again.
DFS gives stackoverflow
What is the time complexity of the BFS program?