Graph Valid Tree (Java)

by

Given n nodes labeled from 0 to n – 1 and a list of undirected edges (each edge is a pair of nodes), check if these edges form a valid tree.

Analysis

This problem can be converted to finding the cycle from a graph. It can be solved by using DFS (Recursion) or BFS (Queue).

Java Solution 1 – DFS

public boolean validTree(int n, int[][] edges) {
    HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<Integer>> map = new HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<Integer>>();
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        map.put(i, list);
    }
 
    for(int[] edge: edges){
        map.get(edge[0]).add(edge[1]);
        map.get(edge[1]).add(edge[0]);
    }
 
    boolean[] visited = new boolean[n];
 
    if(!helper(0, -1, map, visited))
        return false;
 
    for(boolean b: visited){
        if(!b)
            return false;
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
public boolean helper(int curr, int parent, 
                      HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<Integer>> map, boolean[] visited){
    if(visited[curr])
        return false;
 
    visited[curr] = true;
 
    for(int i: map.get(curr)){
        if(i!=parent && !helper(i, curr, map, visited)){
            return false;
        }
    }   
 
    return true;
}

Java Solution 2 – BFS

public boolean validTree(int n, int[][] edges) {
        ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
            list.add(new ArrayList<>());
        }
 
        //build the graph
        for(int[] edge: edges){
            int a = edge[0];
            int b = edge[1];
 
            list.get(a).add(b);
            list.get(b).add(a);
        }
 
        //use queue to traverse the graph
        HashSet<Integer> visited = new HashSet<>();
        LinkedList<Integer> q = new LinkedList<>();
        q.offer(0);
 
        while(!q.isEmpty()){
            int head = q.poll();
 
            if(visited.contains(head)){
                return false;
            }
 
            visited.add(head);
 
            ArrayList<Integer> vList = list.get(head);
            for(int v: vList){
                if(!visited.contains(v)){
                    q.offer(v); 
                }     
            }
        }
 
        if(visited.size()<n){
            return false;
        }
 
        return true;
    }

4 thoughts on “Graph Valid Tree (Java)”

  1. to solve the incorrect code above. Try to add a pair to the queue (i.e a java object containing current node and parent). Then when you do the neighbours additions in queue you can also check to exit early if the element already visited.

    or two queues if you don’t want to create a class or pairs

    LinkedList queue = new LinkedList();
    LinkedLIst parentsQ = new LinkedList();

    queue.offer(0);
    parent.offer(-1);
    while(!queue.isEmpty()){
    int top = queue.poll();
    int parent = parentsQ.poll();

    if(visited[top])
    return false;

    visited[top]=true;

    for(int i: map.get(top)){
    if(i == parent) continue;
    if(visited[i])
    return false;
    else{
    parentQ.offer(top);
    queue.offer(i);
    }
    }
    }

  2. to solve the incorrect code above. Try to add a pair to the queue (i.e a java object containing current node and parent). Then when you do the neighbours additions in queue you can also check to exit early if the element already visited.

    or two queues if you don’t want to create a class or pairs

    LinkedList queue = new LinkedList();
    LinkedLIst parentsQ = new LinkedList();

    queue.offer(0);
    parent.offer(-1);
    while(!queue.isEmpty()){
    int top = queue.poll();
    int parent = parentsQ.poll();

    if(visited[top])
    return false;

    visited[top]=true;

    for(int i: map.get(top)){
    if(i == parent) continue;
    if(visited[i])
    return false;
    else{
    queue.offer(i);
    }
    }
    }

  3. Your BFS solution is incorrect. You only insert into the queue if a node is not visited. So, your visited[top] will never be true for you to return false.

Leave a Comment