There are 2 examples below. One shows all caller methods also need to handle exceptions thrown by the callee method. The other one shows the super class can be used to catch or handle subclass exceptions. Caller method must handle exceptions thrown by the callee method Here is a program which handles exceptions. Just test … Read more
The following is a summary for showing Java declaration, initialization and scoping. Variables defined in try block are not visible in catch block. You cannot pass parameters when you implement an interface by an anonymous class. Constructors cannot return anything. Not even void. Every enum has a values() method that returns an array of all … Read more
class A implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); } } class B implements Runnable { public void run() { new A().run(); new Thread(new A(), "name_thread2").run(); new Thread(new A(), "name_thread3").start(); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { new Thread(new B(), "name_thread1").start(); } }class A implements … Read more
Overriding and Overloading are two very important concepts in Java. They are confusing for Java novice programmers. This post illustrates their differences by using two simple examples. 1. Definitions Overloading occurs when two or more methods in one class have the same method name but different parameters. Overriding means having two methods with the same … Read more
In Java, exception can be checked or unchecked. They both fit into a class hierarchy. The following diagram shows Java Exception classes hierarchy. Red colored are checked exceptions. Any checked exceptions that may be thrown in a method must either be caught or declared in the method’s throws clause. Checked exceptions must be caught at … Read more
This article contains two code examples to demonstrate Java concurrency. They stand for very typical usage. By understanding them, you will have a better understanding about notify() and wait(). 1. Some background knowledge synchronized keyword is used for exclusive accessing. To make a method synchronized, simply add the synchronized keyword to its declaration. Then no … Read more
There are 4 different types of inner classes in Java. This post illustrates them by using 4 simple examples. 1. Static Nested Classes class Outer { static class Inner { void go() { System.out.println("Inner class reference is: " + this); } } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Outer.Inner … Read more
Implement Comparable for a TreeSet
In this post, I will show you how to convert a file to a byte array and then convert a byte array to a file. To convert a file to byte array, ByteArrayOutputStream class is used. This class implements an output stream in which the data is written into a byte array. The buffer automatically … Read more
This post shows two different ways to convert an image to a byte array and convert a byte array to an image. First of all, the byte type in Java is an 8-bit signed two’s complement integer. Its range is [-128, 127]. A byte array is just an array of bytes. An image is essentially … Read more
The following code has a compilation errors. It is confusing because you think somewhere to find the problem. import java.util.*; abstract class Animal{ public abstract void checkup(); } class Dog extends Animal{ public void checkup(){ System.out.println("Dog checkup"); } } class Cat extends Animal{ public void checkup(){ System.out.println("Cat checkup"); } } class Bird extends Animal{ public … Read more
In Java, the PriorityQueue class is implemented as a priority heap. Heap is an important data structure in computer science. For a quick overview of heap, here is a very good tutorial. 1. Simple Example The following examples shows the basic operations of PriorityQueue such as offer(), peek(), poll(), and size(). import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.PriorityQueue; … Read more
1. Collection vs Collections First of all, “Collection” and “Collections” are two different concepts. As you will see from the hierarchy diagram below, “Collection” is a root interface in the Collection hierarchy but “Collections” is a class which provide static methods to manipulate on some Collection types. 2. Class hierarchy of Collection The following diagram … Read more
What is the result of the following program? import java.util.Scanner; public class Looking { public static void main(String[] args){ String input = "1 2 a 3 45 6"; Scanner sc = new Scanner(input); int x = 0; do{ x = sc.nextInt(); System.out.print(x + " "); }while(x != 0); } }import java.util.Scanner; public class Looking { … Read more
Simple example to show how to use Date Formatting in Java