Python errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL Examples

def _bind_by_name(self, socket, name):
        if not service_name_format.match(name):
            raise err.Error(errno.EFAULT)

        with self.lock:
            if self.snl.get(name) is not None:
                raise err.Error(errno.EADDRINUSE)
            addr = wks_map.get(name)
            if addr is None:
                try:
                    addr = 16 + self.sap[16:32].index(None)
                except ValueError:
                    raise err.Error(errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL)
            socket.bind(addr)
            self.sap[addr] = ServiceAccessPoint(addr, self)
            self.sap[addr].insert_socket(socket)
            self.snl[name] = addr 

def make_output_socket(self, remote_node_id: typing.Optional[int], remote_port: int) -> socket.socket:
        if self.local_node_id is None:
            raise pyuavcan.transport.OperationNotDefinedForAnonymousNodeError(
                f'Anonymous UDP/IP nodes cannot emit transfers, they can only listen. '
                f'The local IP address is {self._local}.'
            )

        bind_to = self._local.host_address
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        s.setblocking(False)
        try:
            # Output sockets shall be bound, too, in order to ensure that outgoing packets have the correct
            # source IP address specified. This is particularly important for localhost; an unbound socket
            # there emits all packets from 127.0.0.1 which is certainly not what we need.
            s.bind((str(bind_to), 0))  # Bind to an ephemeral port.
        except OSError as ex:
            if ex.errno == errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
                raise pyuavcan.transport.InvalidMediaConfigurationError(
                    f'Bad IP configuration: cannot bind output socket to {bind_to} [{errno.errorcode[ex.errno]}]'
                ) from None
            raise  # pragma: no cover

        # Specify the fixed remote end. The port is always fixed; the host is unicast or broadcast.
        if remote_node_id is None:
            s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
            s.connect((str(self._local.broadcast_address), remote_port))
        elif 0 <= remote_node_id < self._max_nodes:
            ip = IPv4Address(int(self._local.subnet_address) + remote_node_id)
            assert ip in self._local
            s.connect((str(ip), remote_port))
        else:
            raise ValueError(f'Cannot map the node-ID value {remote_node_id} to an IP address. '
                             f'The range of valid node-ID values is [0, {self._max_nodes})')

        _logger.debug('%r: New output socket %r connected to remote node %r, remote port %r',
                      self, s, remote_node_id, remote_port)
        return s 

def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers):
        i = 0
        seen_bad_status_line = False
        while i < RETRIES:
            i += 1
            try:
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    conn.connect()
                conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers)
            except socket.timeout:
                raise
            except socket.gaierror:
                conn.close()
                raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host)
            except ssl_SSLError:
                conn.close()
                raise
            except socket.error, e:
                err = 0
                if hasattr(e, 'args'):
                    err = getattr(e, 'args')[0]
                else:
                    err = e.errno
                if err in (errno.ENETUNREACH, errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL) and i < RETRIES:
                    continue  # retry on potentially transient socket errors
                raise
            except httplib.HTTPException:
                # Just because the server closed the connection doesn't apparently mean
                # that the server didn't send a response.
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    if i < RETRIES-1:
                        conn.close()
                        conn.connect()
                        continue
                    else:
                        conn.close()
                        raise
                if i < RETRIES-1:
                    conn.close()
                    conn.connect()
                    continue 

def test_no_ip_raises_ipaddressnotavailable(self):
        mock_ioerror = IOError()
        mock_ioerror.errno = errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL
        self.patch(detect_module.fcntl, "ioctl").side_effect = mock_ioerror
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        with ExpectedException(IPAddressNotAvailable, ".*No IP address.*"):
            get_interface_ip(sock, "lo") 

def get_interface_ip(sock: socket.socket, ifname: str) -> str:
    """Obtain an IP address for a network interface, as a string."""
    ifreq_tuple = (ifname.encode("utf-8")[:15], socket.AF_INET, b"\x00" * 14)
    ifreq = struct.pack(b"16sH14s", *ifreq_tuple)
    try:
        info = fcntl.ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFADDR, ifreq)
    except OSError as e:
        if e.errno == errno.ENODEV:
            raise InterfaceNotFound("Interface not found: '%s'." % ifname)
        elif e.errno == errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
            raise IPAddressNotAvailable(
                "No IP address found on interface '%s'." % ifname
            )
        else:
            raise IPAddressNotAvailable(
                "Failed to get IP address for '%s': %s."
                % (ifname, strerror(e.errno))
            )
    else:
        (  # Parse the `struct ifreq` that comes back from the ioctl() call.
            #     16x --> char ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ];
            # ... next is a union of structures; we're interested in the
            # `sockaddr_in` that is returned from this particular ioctl().
            #     2x  --> short sin_family;
            #     2x  --> unsigned short sin_port;
            #     4s  --> struct in_addr sin_addr;
            #     8x  --> char sin_zero[8];
            addr,
        ) = struct.unpack(b"16x2x2x4s8x", info)
        ip = socket.inet_ntoa(addr)
    return ip 

def _probe_ipv6_sock(interface):
    # Alternate way is to check IPs on interfaces using glibc, like:
    # github.com/Gautier/minifail/blob/master/minifail/getifaddrs.py
    try:
        with closing(socket.socket(family=socket.AF_INET6)) as sock:
            sock.bind((interface, 0))
    except (OSError, socket.error) as sock_err:
        # In Python 3 socket.error is an alias for OSError
        # In Python 2 socket.error is a subclass of IOError
        if sock_err.errno != errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
            raise
    else:
        return True

    return False 

def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers):
        i = 0
        seen_bad_status_line = False
        while i < RETRIES:
            i += 1
            try:
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    conn.connect()
                conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers)
            except socket.timeout:
                raise
            except socket.gaierror:
                conn.close()
                raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host)
            except ssl_SSLError:
                conn.close()
                raise
            except socket.error, e:
                err = 0
                if hasattr(e, 'args'):
                    err = getattr(e, 'args')[0]
                else:
                    err = e.errno
                if err in (errno.ENETUNREACH, errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL) and i < RETRIES:
                    continue  # retry on potentially transient socket errors
                raise
            except httplib.HTTPException:
                # Just because the server closed the connection doesn't apparently mean
                # that the server didn't send a response.
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    if i < RETRIES-1:
                        conn.close()
                        conn.connect()
                        continue
                    else:
                        conn.close()
                        raise
                if i < RETRIES-1:
                    conn.close()
                    conn.connect()
                    continue 

def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers):
        i = 0
        seen_bad_status_line = False
        while i < RETRIES:
            i += 1
            try:
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    conn.connect()
                conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers)
            except socket.timeout:
                raise
            except socket.gaierror:
                conn.close()
                raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host)
            except ssl_SSLError:
                conn.close()
                raise
            except socket.error, e:
                err = 0
                if hasattr(e, 'args'):
                    err = getattr(e, 'args')[0]
                else:
                    err = e.errno
                if err in (errno.ENETUNREACH, errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL) and i < RETRIES:
                    continue  # retry on potentially transient socket errors
                raise
            except httplib.HTTPException:
                # Just because the server closed the connection doesn't apparently mean
                # that the server didn't send a response.
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    if i < RETRIES-1:
                        conn.close()
                        conn.connect()
                        continue
                    else:
                        conn.close()
                        raise
                if i < RETRIES-1:
                    conn.close()
                    conn.connect()
                    continue 

def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers):
        i = 0
        seen_bad_status_line = False
        while i < RETRIES:
            i += 1
            try:
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    conn.connect()
                conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers)
            except socket.timeout:
                raise
            except socket.gaierror:
                conn.close()
                raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host)
            except ssl_SSLError:
                conn.close()
                raise
            except socket.error, e:
                err = 0
                if hasattr(e, 'args'):
                    err = getattr(e, 'args')[0]
                else:
                    err = e.errno
                if err in (errno.ENETUNREACH, errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL) and i < RETRIES:
                    continue  # retry on potentially transient socket errors
                raise
            except httplib.HTTPException:
                # Just because the server closed the connection doesn't apparently mean
                # that the server didn't send a response.
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    if i < RETRIES-1:
                        conn.close()
                        conn.connect()
                        continue
                    else:
                        conn.close()
                        raise
                if i < RETRIES-1:
                    conn.close()
                    conn.connect()
                    continue 

def nl_syserr2nlerr(error_):
    """https://github.com/thom311/libnl/blob/libnl3_2_25/lib/error.c#L84."""
    error_ = abs(error_)
    legend = {
        errno.EBADF: libnl.errno_.NLE_BAD_SOCK,
        errno.EADDRINUSE: libnl.errno_.NLE_EXIST,
        errno.EEXIST: libnl.errno_.NLE_EXIST,
        errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL: libnl.errno_.NLE_NOADDR,
        errno.ESRCH: libnl.errno_.NLE_OBJ_NOTFOUND,
        errno.ENOENT: libnl.errno_.NLE_OBJ_NOTFOUND,
        errno.EINTR: libnl.errno_.NLE_INTR,
        errno.EAGAIN: libnl.errno_.NLE_AGAIN,
        errno.ENOTSOCK: libnl.errno_.NLE_BAD_SOCK,
        errno.ENOPROTOOPT: libnl.errno_.NLE_INVAL,
        errno.EFAULT: libnl.errno_.NLE_INVAL,
        errno.EACCES: libnl.errno_.NLE_NOACCESS,
        errno.EINVAL: libnl.errno_.NLE_INVAL,
        errno.ENOBUFS: libnl.errno_.NLE_NOMEM,
        errno.ENOMEM: libnl.errno_.NLE_NOMEM,
        errno.EAFNOSUPPORT: libnl.errno_.NLE_AF_NOSUPPORT,
        errno.EPROTONOSUPPORT: libnl.errno_.NLE_PROTO_MISMATCH,
        errno.EOPNOTSUPP: libnl.errno_.NLE_OPNOTSUPP,
        errno.EPERM: libnl.errno_.NLE_PERM,
        errno.EBUSY: libnl.errno_.NLE_BUSY,
        errno.ERANGE: libnl.errno_.NLE_RANGE,
        errno.ENODEV: libnl.errno_.NLE_NODEV,
    }
    return int(legend.get(error_, libnl.errno_.NLE_FAILURE)) 

def _probe_ipv6_sock(interface):
    # Alternate way is to check IPs on interfaces using glibc, like:
    # github.com/Gautier/minifail/blob/master/minifail/getifaddrs.py
    try:
        with closing(socket.socket(family=socket.AF_INET6)) as sock:
            sock.bind((interface, 0))
    except (OSError, socket.error) as sock_err:
        # In Python 3 socket.error is an alias for OSError
        # In Python 2 socket.error is a subclass of IOError
        if sock_err.errno != errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
            raise
    else:
        return True

    return False 

def __init__(self):
        ip = config("cuckoo:resultserver:ip")
        port = config("cuckoo:resultserver:port")
        pool_size = config("cuckoo:resultserver:pool_size")

        sock = gevent.socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

        try:
            sock.bind((ip, port))
        except (OSError, socket.error) as e:
            if e.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
                raise CuckooCriticalError(
                    "Cannot bind ResultServer on port %d "
                    "because it was in use, bailing." % port
                )
            elif e.errno == errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
                raise CuckooCriticalError(
                    "Unable to bind ResultServer on %s:%s %s. This "
                    "usually happens when you start Cuckoo without "
                    "bringing up the virtual interface associated with "
                    "the ResultServer IP address. Please refer to "
                    "https://cuckoo.sh/docs/faq/#troubles-problem "
                    "for more information." % (ip, port, e)
                )
            else:
                raise CuckooCriticalError(
                    "Unable to bind ResultServer on %s:%s: %s" % (ip, port, e)
                )

        # We allow user to specify port 0 to get a random port, report it back
        # here
        _, self.port = sock.getsockname()
        sock.listen(128)

        self.thread = threading.Thread(
            target=self.create_server, args=(sock, pool_size)
        )
        self.thread.daemon = True
        self.thread.start() 

def checkPortAvailable(ha):
    """Checks whether the given port is available"""
    # Not sure why OS would allow binding to one type and not other.
    # Checking for port available for TCP and UDP.
    sockTypes = (socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    for typ in sockTypes:
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, typ)
        try:
            sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
            sock.bind(ha)
            if typ == socket.SOCK_STREAM:
                l_onoff = 1
                l_linger = 0
                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_LINGER,
                                struct.pack('ii', l_onoff, l_linger))
        except OSError as exc:
            if exc.errno in [
                errno.EADDRINUSE, errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL,
                WS_SOCKET_BIND_ERROR_ALREADY_IN_USE,
                WS_SOCKET_BIND_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE
            ]:
                raise PortNotAvailable(ha)
            else:
                raise exc
        finally:
            sock.close() 

def test_create_connection(self):
        # Issue #9792: errors raised by create_connection() should have
        # a proper errno attribute.
        port = test_support.find_unused_port()
        with self.assertRaises(socket.error) as cm:
            socket.create_connection((HOST, port))

        # Issue #16257: create_connection() calls getaddrinfo() against
        # 'localhost'.  This may result in an IPV6 addr being returned
        # as well as an IPV4 one:
        #   >>> socket.getaddrinfo('localhost', port, 0, SOCK_STREAM)
        #   >>> [(2,  2, 0, '', ('127.0.0.1', 41230)),
        #        (26, 2, 0, '', ('::1', 41230, 0, 0))]
        #
        # create_connection() enumerates through all the addresses returned
        # and if it doesn't successfully bind to any of them, it propagates
        # the last exception it encountered.
        #
        # On Solaris, ENETUNREACH is returned in this circumstance instead
        # of ECONNREFUSED.  So, if that errno exists, add it to our list of
        # expected errnos.
        expected_errnos = [ errno.ECONNREFUSED, ]
        if hasattr(errno, 'ENETUNREACH'):
            expected_errnos.append(errno.ENETUNREACH)
        if hasattr(errno, 'EADDRNOTAVAIL'):
            # bpo-31910: socket.create_connection() fails randomly
            # with EADDRNOTAVAIL on Travis CI
            expected_errnos.append(errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL)

        self.assertIn(cm.exception.errno, expected_errnos) 

def __init__(self, wsgi_app, flags):
        self._flags = flags
        host = flags.host
        port = flags.port

        self._auto_wildcard = flags.bind_all
        if self._auto_wildcard:
            # Serve on all interfaces, and attempt to serve both IPv4 and IPv6
            # traffic through one socket.
            host = self._get_wildcard_address(port)
        elif host is None:
            host = "localhost"

        self._host = host
        self._url = None  # Will be set by get_url() below

        self._fix_werkzeug_logging()
        try:
            super(WerkzeugServer, self).__init__(host, port, wsgi_app)
        except socket.error as e:
            if hasattr(errno, "EACCES") and e.errno == errno.EACCES:
                raise TensorBoardServerException(
                    "TensorBoard must be run as superuser to bind to port %d"
                    % port
                )
            elif hasattr(errno, "EADDRINUSE") and e.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
                if port == 0:
                    raise TensorBoardServerException(
                        "TensorBoard unable to find any open port"
                    )
                else:
                    raise TensorBoardPortInUseError(
                        "TensorBoard could not bind to port %d, it was already in use"
                        % port
                    )
            elif (
                hasattr(errno, "EADDRNOTAVAIL")
                and e.errno == errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL
            ):
                raise TensorBoardServerException(
                    "TensorBoard could not bind to unavailable address %s"
                    % host
                )
            elif (
                hasattr(errno, "EAFNOSUPPORT") and e.errno == errno.EAFNOSUPPORT
            ):
                raise TensorBoardServerException(
                    "Tensorboard could not bind to unsupported address family %s"
                    % host
                )
            # Raise the raw exception if it wasn't identifiable as a user error.
            raise 

def log_server_asyncio(log_server_port):
    '''
    Starts a log server.
    '''
    async def read_child_processes_log_records(reader, writer):
        unpacker = msgpack.Unpacker(raw=False)
        while True:
            try:
                wire_bytes = await reader.read(1024)
                if not wire_bytes:
                    break
                try:
                    unpacker.feed(wire_bytes)
                except msgpack.exceptions.BufferFull:
                    # Start over loosing some data?!
                    unpacker = msgpack.Unpacker(raw=False)
                    unpacker.feed(wire_bytes)
                for record_dict in unpacker:
                    record = logging.makeLogRecord(record_dict)
                    logger = logging.getLogger(record.name)
                    logger.handle(record)
            except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
                break
            except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
                log.exception(exc)

    def process_logs(port):
        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
        try:
            coro = asyncio.start_server(read_child_processes_log_records, host='localhost', port=port, loop=loop)
            server = loop.run_until_complete(coro)
        except OSError as err:
            if err.errno != errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
                # If not address not available, in case localhost cannot be resolved
                raise
            coro = asyncio.start_server(read_child_processes_log_records, host='127.0.0.1', port=port, loop=loop)
            server = loop.run_until_complete(coro)
        try:
            loop.run_forever()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            pass

        server.close()
        loop.run_until_complete(server.wait_closed())
        loop.close()

    process_queue_thread = threading.Thread(target=process_logs, args=(log_server_port,))
    process_queue_thread.daemon = True
    process_queue_thread.start() 

def __init__(
        self,
        interfaces=InterfaceChoice.All,
    ):
        """Creates an instance of the Zeroconf class, establishing
        multicast communications, listening and reaping threads.

        :type interfaces: :class:`InterfaceChoice` or sequence of ip addresses
        """
        # hook for threads
        self._GLOBAL_DONE = False

        self._listen_socket = new_socket()
        interfaces = normalize_interface_choice(interfaces, socket.AF_INET)

        self._respond_sockets = []

        for i in interfaces:
            log.debug('Adding %r to multicast group', i)
            try:
                self._listen_socket.setsockopt(
                    socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
                    socket.inet_aton(_MDNS_ADDR) + socket.inet_aton(i))
            except socket.error as e:
                if get_errno(e) == errno.EADDRINUSE:
                    log.info(
                        'Address in use when adding %s to multicast group, '
                        'it is expected to happen on some systems', i,
                    )
                elif get_errno(e) == errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
                    log.info(
                        'Address not available when adding %s to multicast '
                        'group, it is expected to happen on some systems', i,
                    )
                    continue
                else:
                    raise

            respond_socket = new_socket()
            respond_socket.setsockopt(
                socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_IF, socket.inet_aton(i))

            self._respond_sockets.append(respond_socket)

        self.listeners = []
        self.browsers = {}
        self.services = {}
        self.servicetypes = {}

        self.cache = DNSCache()

        self.condition = threading.Condition()

        self.engine = Engine(self)
        self.listener = Listener(self)
        self.engine.add_reader(self.listener, self._listen_socket)
        self.reaper = Reaper(self)

        self.debug = None 

def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers):
        i = 0
        seen_bad_status_line = False
        while i < RETRIES:
            i += 1
            try:
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    conn.connect()
                conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers)
            except socket.timeout:
                raise
            except socket.gaierror:
                conn.close()
                raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host)
            except ssl_SSLError:
                conn.close()
                raise
            except socket.error, e:
                err = 0
                if hasattr(e, 'args'):
                    err = getattr(e, 'args')[0]
                else:
                    err = e.errno
                if err == errno.ECONNREFUSED: # Connection refused
                    raise
                if err in (errno.ENETUNREACH, errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL) and i < RETRIES:
                    continue  # retry on potentially transient socket errors
            except httplib.HTTPException:
                # Just because the server closed the connection doesn't apparently mean
                # that the server didn't send a response.
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    if i < RETRIES-1:
                        conn.close()
                        conn.connect()
                        continue
                    else:
                        conn.close()
                        raise
                if i < RETRIES-1:
                    conn.close()
                    conn.connect()
                    continue 

def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers):
        i = 0
        seen_bad_status_line = False
        while i < RETRIES:
            i += 1
            try:
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    conn.connect()
                conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers)
            except socket.timeout:
                raise
            except socket.gaierror:
                conn.close()
                raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host)
            except ssl_SSLError:
                conn.close()
                raise
            except socket.error, e:
                err = 0
                if hasattr(e, 'args'):
                    err = getattr(e, 'args')[0]
                else:
                    err = e.errno
                if err == errno.ECONNREFUSED: # Connection refused
                    raise
                if err in (errno.ENETUNREACH, errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL) and i < RETRIES:
                    continue  # retry on potentially transient socket errors
            except httplib.HTTPException:
                # Just because the server closed the connection doesn't apparently mean
                # that the server didn't send a response.
                if hasattr(conn, 'sock') and conn.sock is None:
                    if i < RETRIES-1:
                        conn.close()
                        conn.connect()
                        continue
                    else:
                        conn.close()
                        raise
                if i < RETRIES-1:
                    conn.close()
                    conn.connect()
                    continue 

def make_input_socket(self, local_port: int, expect_broadcast: bool) -> socket.socket:
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        s.setblocking(False)

        # Allow other applications and other instances to listen to broadcast traffic.
        # This option shall be set before the socket is bound.
        s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

        if expect_broadcast or self.local_node_id is None:
            # The socket MUST BE BOUND TO INADDR_ANY IN ORDER TO RECEIVE BROADCAST DATAGRAMS.
            # The user will have to filter out irrelevant datagrams in user space.
            # Please read https://stackoverflow.com/a/58118503/1007777
            # We also bind to this address if the local node is anonymous because in that case the local
            # IP address may be impossible to bind to.
            s.bind(('', local_port))
        else:
            # We are not interested in broadcast traffic, so it is safe to bind to a specific address.
            # On some operating systems this may not reject broadcast traffic, but we don't care.
            # The motivation for this is to allow multiple nodes running on localhost to bind to the same
            # service port. If they all were binding to that port at INADDR_ANY, on some OS (like GNU/Linux)
            # only the last-bound node would receive unicast data, making the service dysfunctional on all
            # other (earlier bound) nodes. Jeez, the socket API is kind of a mess.
            bind_to = self._local.host_address
            try:
                s.bind((str(bind_to), local_port))
            except OSError as ex:
                if ex.errno == errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
                    raise pyuavcan.transport.InvalidMediaConfigurationError(
                        f'Bad IP configuration: cannot bind input socket to {bind_to} [{errno.errorcode[ex.errno]}]'
                    ) from None
                raise  # pragma: no cover

        # Man 7 IP says that SO_BROADCAST should be set in order to receive broadcast datagrams.
        # The behavior I am observing does not match that, but we do it anyway because man says so.
        # If the call fails, ignore because it may not be necessary depending on the OS in use.
        try:
            s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
        except Exception as ex:  # pragma: no cover
            _logger.exception('%r: Could not set SO_BROADCAST on %r: %s', self, s, ex)

        _logger.debug('%r: New input socket %r, local port %r, supports broadcast: %r',
                      self, s, local_port, expect_broadcast)
        return s 

def inner_run(self, *args, **options):
        from django.conf import settings
        from django.utils import translation

        threading = options.get('use_threading')
        shutdown_message = options.get('shutdown_message', '')
        quit_command = 'CTRL-BREAK' if sys.platform == 'win32' else 'CONTROL-C'

        self.stdout.write("Performing system checks...\n\n")
        self.validate(display_num_errors=True)
        try:
            self.check_migrations()
        except ImproperlyConfigured:
            pass
        now = datetime.now().strftime('%B %d, %Y - %X')
        if six.PY2:
            now = now.decode(get_system_encoding())
        self.stdout.write((
            "%(started_at)s\n"
            "Django version %(version)s, using settings %(settings)r\n"
            "Starting development server at http://%(addr)s:%(port)s/\n"
            "Quit the server with %(quit_command)s.\n"
        ) % {
            "started_at": now,
            "version": self.get_version(),
            "settings": settings.SETTINGS_MODULE,
            "addr": '[%s]' % self.addr if self._raw_ipv6 else self.addr,
            "port": self.port,
            "quit_command": quit_command,
        })
        # django.core.management.base forces the locale to en-us. We should
        # set it up correctly for the first request (particularly important
        # in the "--noreload" case).
        translation.activate(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)

        try:
            handler = self.get_handler(*args, **options)
            run(self.addr, int(self.port), handler,
                ipv6=self.use_ipv6, threading=threading)
        except socket.error as e:
            # Use helpful error messages instead of ugly tracebacks.
            ERRORS = {
                errno.EACCES: "You don't have permission to access that port.",
                errno.EADDRINUSE: "That port is already in use.",
                errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL: "That IP address can't be assigned-to.",
            }
            try:
                error_text = ERRORS[e.errno]
            except KeyError:
                error_text = force_text(e)
            self.stderr.write("Error: %s" % error_text)
            # Need to use an OS exit because sys.exit doesn't work in a thread
            os._exit(1)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            if shutdown_message:
                self.stdout.write(shutdown_message)
            sys.exit(0) 

def __init__(
        self,
        interfaces=InterfaceChoice.All,
    ):
        """Creates an instance of the Zeroconf class, establishing
        multicast communications, listening and reaping threads.

        :type interfaces: :class:`InterfaceChoice` or sequence of ip addresses
        """
        # hook for threads
        self._GLOBAL_DONE = False

        self._listen_socket = new_socket()
        interfaces = normalize_interface_choice(interfaces, socket.AF_INET)

        self._respond_sockets = []

        for i in interfaces:
            log.debug('Adding %r to multicast group', i)
            try:
                self._listen_socket.setsockopt(
                    socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
                    socket.inet_aton(_MDNS_ADDR) + socket.inet_aton(i))
            except socket.error as e:
                if get_errno(e) == errno.EADDRINUSE:
                    log.info(
                        'Address in use when adding %s to multicast group, '
                        'it is expected to happen on some systems', i,
                    )
                elif get_errno(e) == errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
                    log.info(
                        'Address not available when adding %s to multicast '
                        'group, it is expected to happen on some systems', i,
                    )
                    continue
                else:
                    raise

            respond_socket = new_socket()
            respond_socket.setsockopt(
                socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_IF, socket.inet_aton(i))

            self._respond_sockets.append(respond_socket)

        self.listeners = []
        self.browsers = {}
        self.services = {}
        self.servicetypes = {}

        self.cache = DNSCache()

        self.condition = threading.Condition()

        self.engine = Engine(self)
        self.listener = Listener(self)
        self.engine.add_reader(self.listener, self._listen_socket)
        self.reaper = Reaper(self)

        self.debug = None 

def open_udp_sock(sock_addr, ifname):
    """Instantiate UDP socket

    Args:
        sock_addr : Socket address string
        ifname    : Network interface name

    Returns:
        Socket object

    """
    udp_sock_ip, udp_sock_port_str = sock_addr.split(":")
    udp_sock_port                  = int(udp_sock_port_str)
    assert(udp_sock_ip is not None), "UDP source IP is not defined"
    assert(udp_sock_port is not None), "UDP port is not defined"

    logging.debug("Connect with UDP socket %s:%s" %(udp_sock_ip,
                                                    udp_sock_port))
    try:
        # Open and bind socket to Blocksat API port
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

        # Allow reuse and bind
        sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        sock.bind(('', udp_sock_port))

        # Get the network interface index
        if (ifname is not None):
            ifreq   = struct.pack('16si', ifname.encode(), 0)
            res     = fcntl.ioctl(sock.fileno(), SIOCGIFINDEX, ifreq)
            ifindex = int(struct.unpack('16si', res)[1])
            logging.debug("Join multicast group %s on network interface %d" %(
                udp_sock_ip, ifindex
            ))
        else:
            logging.debug("Join group %s with the default network interface" %(
                udp_sock_ip
            ))
            ifindex = 0

        # Join multicast group on the chosen interface
        ip_mreqn = struct.pack('4s4si',
                               socket.inet_aton(udp_sock_ip),
                               socket.inet_aton('0.0.0.0'),
                               ifindex)
        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP,
                        socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
                        ip_mreqn)

        # Make sure that this socket receives messages solely from the above
        # group that was explicitly joined above
        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_ALL, 0)
    except socket.error as e:
        if (e.errno == errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL):
            logging.error("Error on connection with UDP socket %s:%s" %(
                udp_sock_ip, udp_sock_port))
            logging.info("Use argument `--sock-addr` to define the socket address.")
        raise

    return sock