Python os.defpath() Examples

def which (filename):

    """This takes a given filename; tries to find it in the environment path;
    then checks if it is executable. This returns the full path to the filename
    if found and executable. Otherwise this returns None."""

    # Special case where filename already contains a path.
    if os.path.dirname(filename) != '':
        if os.access (filename, os.X_OK):
            return filename

    if 'PATH' not in os.environ or os.environ['PATH'] == '':
        p = os.defpath
    else:
        p = os.environ['PATH']

    pathlist = p.split(os.pathsep)

    for path in pathlist:
        f = os.path.join(path, filename)
        if os.access(f, os.X_OK):
            return f
    return None 

def _popen(command, args):
    import os
    path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath).split(os.pathsep)
    path.extend(('/sbin', '/usr/sbin'))
    for dir in path:
        executable = os.path.join(dir, command)
        if (os.path.exists(executable) and
            os.access(executable, os.F_OK | os.X_OK) and
            not os.path.isdir(executable)):
            break
    else:
        return None
    # LC_ALL to ensure English output, 2>/dev/null to prevent output on
    # stderr (Note: we don't have an example where the words we search for
    # are actually localized, but in theory some system could do so.)
    cmd = 'LC_ALL=C %s %s 2>/dev/null' % (executable, args)
    return os.popen(cmd) 

def _popen(command, args):
    import os
    path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath).split(os.pathsep)
    path.extend(('/sbin', '/usr/sbin'))
    for dir in path:
        executable = os.path.join(dir, command)
        if (os.path.exists(executable) and
            os.access(executable, os.F_OK | os.X_OK) and
            not os.path.isdir(executable)):
            break
    else:
        return None
    # LC_ALL to ensure English output, 2>/dev/null to prevent output on
    # stderr (Note: we don't have an example where the words we search for
    # are actually localized, but in theory some system could do so.)
    cmd = 'LC_ALL=C %s %s 2>/dev/null' % (executable, args)
    return os.popen(cmd) 

def find_executable(executable, path=None):
    """Tries to find 'executable' in the directories listed in 'path'.

    A string listing directories separated by 'os.pathsep'; defaults to
    os.environ['PATH'].  Returns the complete filename or None if not found.
    """
    if path is None:
        path = os.environ.get('PATH', os.defpath)

    paths = path.split(os.pathsep)
    base, ext = os.path.splitext(executable)

    if (sys.platform == 'win32' or os.name == 'os2') and (ext != '.exe'):
        executable = executable + '.exe'

    if not os.path.isfile(executable):
        for p in paths:
            f = os.path.join(p, executable)
            if os.path.isfile(f):
                # the file exists, we have a shot at spawn working
                return f
        return None
    else:
        return executable 

def which(filename):
    """
    Return complete path to executable given by filename.
    """
    if not ('PATH' in os.environ) or os.environ['PATH'] == '':
        p = os.defpath
    else:
        p = os.environ['PATH']
                
    pathlist = p.split (os.pathsep)
    pathlist.insert(0,".")
    pathlist.insert(0,"/bin")
    pathlist.insert(0,"/usr/bin")
    pathlist.insert(0,"/opt/local/bin")
    pathlist.insert(0,"/usr/local/bin")
    pathlist.insert(0,"/Applications/Gmsh.app/Contents/MacOS")
    
    for path in pathlist:
        f = os.path.join(path, filename)
        if os.access(f, os.X_OK):
            return f

    return None 

def which(filename):
    """
    Return complete path to executable given by filename.
    """
    if not ('PATH' in os.environ) or os.environ['PATH'] == '':
        p = os.defpath
    else:
        p = os.environ['PATH']
                
    pathlist = p.split (os.pathsep)
    pathlist.append(".")
    
    for path in pathlist:
        f = os.path.join(path, filename)
        if os.access(f, os.X_OK):
            return f
    return None 

def locate_oc_binary():
    ''' Find and return oc binary file '''
    # https://github.com/openshift/openshift-ansible/issues/3410
    # oc can be in /usr/local/bin in some cases, but that may not
    # be in $PATH due to ansible/sudo
    paths = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath).split(os.pathsep) + ADDITIONAL_PATH_LOOKUPS

    oc_binary = 'oc'

    # Use shutil.which if it is available, otherwise fallback to a naive path search
    try:
        which_result = shutil.which(oc_binary, path=os.pathsep.join(paths))
        if which_result is not None:
            oc_binary = which_result
    except AttributeError:
        for path in paths:
            if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, oc_binary)):
                oc_binary = os.path.join(path, oc_binary)
                break

    return oc_binary


# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods 

def locate_oc_binary():
    ''' Find and return oc binary file '''
    # https://github.com/openshift/openshift-ansible/issues/3410
    # oc can be in /usr/local/bin in some cases, but that may not
    # be in $PATH due to ansible/sudo
    paths = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath).split(os.pathsep) + ADDITIONAL_PATH_LOOKUPS

    oc_binary = 'oc'

    # Use shutil.which if it is available, otherwise fallback to a naive path search
    try:
        which_result = shutil.which(oc_binary, path=os.pathsep.join(paths))
        if which_result is not None:
            oc_binary = which_result
    except AttributeError:
        for path in paths:
            if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, oc_binary)):
                oc_binary = os.path.join(path, oc_binary)
                break

    return oc_binary


# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods 

def which(filename, env=None):
    '''This takes a given filename; tries to find it in the environment path;
    then checks if it is executable. This returns the full path to the filename
    if found and executable. Otherwise this returns None.'''

    # Special case where filename contains an explicit path.
    if os.path.dirname(filename) != '' and is_executable_file(filename):
        return filename
    if env is None:
        env = os.environ
    p = env.get('PATH')
    if not p:
        p = os.defpath
    pathlist = p.split(os.pathsep)
    for path in pathlist:
        ff = os.path.join(path, filename)
        if is_executable_file(ff):
            return ff
    return None 

def _execvpe(file, args, env=None):
    if env is not None:
        func = execve
        argrest = (args, env)
    else:
        func = execv
        argrest = (args,)
        env = environ

    head, tail = path.split(file)
    if head:
        func(file, *argrest)
        return
    if 'PATH' in env:
        envpath = env['PATH']
    else:
        envpath = defpath
    PATH = envpath.split(pathsep)
    saved_exc = None
    saved_tb = None
    for dir in PATH:
        fullname = path.join(dir, file)
        try:
            func(fullname, *argrest)
        except error, e:
            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
            if (e.errno != errno.ENOENT and e.errno != errno.ENOTDIR
                and saved_exc is None):
                saved_exc = e
                saved_tb = tb 

def __enter__(self):
        self.path = mkdtemp(prefix='pep517-build-env-')
        log.info('Temporary build environment: %s', self.path)

        self.save_path = os.environ.get('PATH', None)
        self.save_pythonpath = os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH', None)

        install_scheme = 'nt' if (os.name == 'nt') else 'posix_prefix'
        install_dirs = get_paths(install_scheme, vars={
            'base': self.path,
            'platbase': self.path,
        })

        scripts = install_dirs['scripts']
        if self.save_path:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + self.save_path
        else:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + os.defpath

        if install_dirs['purelib'] == install_dirs['platlib']:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib']
        else:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib'] + os.pathsep + \
                install_dirs['platlib']
        if self.save_pythonpath:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs + os.pathsep + \
                self.save_pythonpath
        else:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs

        return self 

def _find_in_path(self, cmd):
        PATH = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath).split(os.pathsep)
        for x in PATH:
            possible = os.path.join(x, cmd)
            if os.path.exists(possible):
                return possible
        return None 

def _execvpe(file, args, env=None):
    if env is not None:
        func = execve
        argrest = (args, env)
    else:
        func = execv
        argrest = (args,)
        env = environ

    head, tail = path.split(file)
    if head:
        func(file, *argrest)
        return
    if 'PATH' in env:
        envpath = env['PATH']
    else:
        envpath = defpath
    PATH = envpath.split(pathsep)
    saved_exc = None
    saved_tb = None
    for dir in PATH:
        fullname = path.join(dir, file)
        try:
            func(fullname, *argrest)
        except error, e:
            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
            if (e.errno != errno.ENOENT and e.errno != errno.ENOTDIR
                and saved_exc is None):
                saved_exc = e
                saved_tb = tb 

def _execvpe(file, args, env=None):
    if env is not None:
        func = execve
        argrest = (args, env)
    else:
        func = execv
        argrest = (args,)
        env = environ

    head, tail = path.split(file)
    if head:
        func(file, *argrest)
        return
    if 'PATH' in env:
        envpath = env['PATH']
    else:
        envpath = defpath
    PATH = envpath.split(pathsep)
    saved_exc = None
    saved_tb = None
    for dir in PATH:
        fullname = path.join(dir, file)
        try:
            func(fullname, *argrest)
        except error, e:
            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
            if (e.errno != errno.ENOENT and e.errno != errno.ENOTDIR
                and saved_exc is None):
                saved_exc = e
                saved_tb = tb 

def test_find_mac(self):
        data = '''\

fake hwaddr
cscotun0  Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 12:34:56:78:90:ab
'''
        def mock_popen(cmd):
            return io.BytesIO(data)

        path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath).split(os.pathsep)
        path.extend(('/sbin', '/usr/sbin'))
        for dir in path:
            executable = os.path.join(dir, 'ifconfig')
            if (os.path.exists(executable) and
                os.access(executable, os.F_OK | os.X_OK) and
                not os.path.isdir(executable)):
                break
        else:
            self.skipTest('requires ifconfig')

        with test_support.swap_attr(os, 'popen', mock_popen):
            mac = uuid._find_mac(
                command='ifconfig',
                args='',
                hw_identifiers=['hwaddr'],
                get_index=lambda x: x + 1,
            )
            self.assertEqual(mac, 0x1234567890ab) 

def test_find_executable(self):
        with test_support.temp_dir() as tmp_dir:
            # use TESTFN to get a pseudo-unique filename
            program_noeext = test_support.TESTFN
            # Give the temporary program an ".exe" suffix for all.
            # It's needed on Windows and not harmful on other platforms.
            program = program_noeext + ".exe"

            filename = os.path.join(tmp_dir, program)
            with open(filename, "wb"):
                pass
            os.chmod(filename, stat.S_IXUSR)

            # test path parameter
            rv = find_executable(program, path=tmp_dir)
            self.assertEqual(rv, filename)

            if sys.platform == 'win32':
                # test without ".exe" extension
                rv = find_executable(program_noeext, path=tmp_dir)
                self.assertEqual(rv, filename)

            # test find in the current directory
            with test_support.change_cwd(tmp_dir):
                rv = find_executable(program)
                self.assertEqual(rv, program)

            # test non-existent program
            dont_exist_program = "dontexist_" + program
            rv = find_executable(dont_exist_program , path=tmp_dir)
            self.assertIsNone(rv)

            # test os.defpath: missing PATH environment variable
            with test_support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
                from distutils import spawn
                with test_support.swap_attr(spawn.os, 'defpath', tmp_dir):
                    env.pop('PATH')

                    rv = find_executable(program)
                    self.assertEqual(rv, filename) 

def program_in_path(program):
    path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath).split(os.pathsep)
    path = [os.path.join(dir, program) for dir in path]
    path = [True for file in path
            if os.path.isfile(file) or os.path.isfile(file + '.exe')]
    return bool(path) 

def __enter__(self):
        self.path = mkdtemp(prefix='pep517-build-env-')
        log.info('Temporary build environment: %s', self.path)

        self.save_path = os.environ.get('PATH', None)
        self.save_pythonpath = os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH', None)

        install_scheme = 'nt' if (os.name == 'nt') else 'posix_prefix'
        install_dirs = get_paths(install_scheme, vars={
            'base': self.path,
            'platbase': self.path,
        })

        scripts = install_dirs['scripts']
        if self.save_path:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + self.save_path
        else:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + os.defpath

        if install_dirs['purelib'] == install_dirs['platlib']:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib']
        else:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib'] + os.pathsep + \
                install_dirs['platlib']
        if self.save_pythonpath:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs + os.pathsep + \
                self.save_pythonpath
        else:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs

        return self 

def __enter__(self):
        self.path = mkdtemp(prefix='pep517-build-env-')
        log.info('Temporary build environment: %s', self.path)

        self.save_path = os.environ.get('PATH', None)
        self.save_pythonpath = os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH', None)

        install_scheme = 'nt' if (os.name == 'nt') else 'posix_prefix'
        install_dirs = get_paths(install_scheme, vars={
            'base': self.path,
            'platbase': self.path,
        })

        scripts = install_dirs['scripts']
        if self.save_path:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + self.save_path
        else:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + os.defpath

        if install_dirs['purelib'] == install_dirs['platlib']:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib']
        else:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib'] + os.pathsep + \
                install_dirs['platlib']
        if self.save_pythonpath:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs + os.pathsep + \
                self.save_pythonpath
        else:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs

        return self 

def _execvpe(file, args, env=None):
    if env is not None:
        func = execve
        argrest = (args, env)
    else:
        func = execv
        argrest = (args,)
        env = environ

    head, tail = path.split(file)
    if head:
        func(file, *argrest)
        return
    if 'PATH' in env:
        envpath = env['PATH']
    else:
        envpath = defpath
    PATH = envpath.split(pathsep)
    saved_exc = None
    saved_tb = None
    for dir in PATH:
        fullname = path.join(dir, file)
        try:
            func(fullname, *argrest)
        except error, e:
            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
            if (e.errno != errno.ENOENT and e.errno != errno.ENOTDIR
                and saved_exc is None):
                saved_exc = e
                saved_tb = tb 

def setup_pyenv(home_dir):
    pyenv_dir = home_dir / ".pyenv"
    pyenv_shim_dir = pyenv_dir / "shims"
    pyenv_shim_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
    env_path = os.pathsep.join(
        [pyenv_shim_dir.as_posix(), os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)]
    )
    os.environ["PATH"] = env_path
    pyenv_python_dir = pyenv_dir / "versions"
    all_versions = build_python_versions(pyenv_python_dir, link_to=pyenv_shim_dir)
    os.environ["PYENV_ROOT"] = pyenv_dir.as_posix()
    return all_versions 

def setup_asdf(home_dir):
    asdf_dir = home_dir / ".asdf"
    asdf_shim_dir = asdf_dir / "shims"
    asdf_shim_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
    env_path = os.pathsep.join(
        [asdf_shim_dir.as_posix(), os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)]
    )
    os.environ["PATH"] = env_path
    asdf_python_dir = asdf_dir / "installs/python"
    all_versions = build_python_versions(asdf_python_dir, link_to=asdf_shim_dir)
    os.environ["ASDF_DIR"] = asdf_dir.as_posix()
    os.environ["ASDF_DATA_DIR"] = asdf_dir.as_posix()
    return all_versions 

def find_exe_in_path(path):
    if os.path.isabs(path):
        return path
    if os.sep in path:
        return os.path.abspath(path)
    for dir in os.environ.get('PATH', os.defpath).split(os.pathsep):
        p = os.path.join(dir, path)
        if os.access(p, os.X_OK):
            return utf8bytes(p)
    raise OSError() 

def _execvpe(file, args, env=None):
    if env is not None:
        func = execve
        argrest = (args, env)
    else:
        func = execv
        argrest = (args,)
        env = environ

    head, tail = path.split(file)
    if head:
        func(file, *argrest)
        return
    if 'PATH' in env:
        envpath = env['PATH']
    else:
        envpath = defpath
    PATH = envpath.split(pathsep)
    saved_exc = None
    saved_tb = None
    for dir in PATH:
        fullname = path.join(dir, file)
        try:
            func(fullname, *argrest)
        except error, e:
            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
            if (e.errno != errno.ENOENT and e.errno != errno.ENOTDIR
                and saved_exc is None):
                saved_exc = e
                saved_tb = tb 

def _execvpe(file, args, env=None):
    if env is not None:
        func = execve
        argrest = (args, env)
    else:
        func = execv
        argrest = (args,)
        env = environ

    head, tail = path.split(file)
    if head:
        func(file, *argrest)
        return
    if 'PATH' in env:
        envpath = env['PATH']
    else:
        envpath = defpath
    PATH = envpath.split(pathsep)
    saved_exc = None
    saved_tb = None
    for dir in PATH:
        fullname = path.join(dir, file)
        try:
            func(fullname, *argrest)
        except error, e:
            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
            if (e.errno != errno.ENOENT and e.errno != errno.ENOTDIR
                and saved_exc is None):
                saved_exc = e
                saved_tb = tb 

def _find_on_path(file_name):
    path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)
    path_items = path.split(os.pathsep)
    if sys.platform == "win32":
        if not os.curdir in path_items:
            path_items.insert(0, os.curdir)
    seen = set()
    for dir_ in path_items:
        normdir = os.path.normcase(dir_)
        if not normdir in seen:
            seen.add(normdir)
            file_path = join(dir_, file_name)
            if exists(file_path):
                return file_path
    raise LookupError("Could not find %s on PATH" % file_name) 

def __enter__(self):
        self.path = mkdtemp(prefix='pep517-build-env-')
        log.info('Temporary build environment: %s', self.path)

        self.save_path = os.environ.get('PATH', None)
        self.save_pythonpath = os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH', None)

        install_scheme = 'nt' if (os.name == 'nt') else 'posix_prefix'
        install_dirs = get_paths(install_scheme, vars={
            'base': self.path,
            'platbase': self.path,
        })

        scripts = install_dirs['scripts']
        if self.save_path:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + self.save_path
        else:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + os.defpath

        if install_dirs['purelib'] == install_dirs['platlib']:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib']
        else:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib'] + os.pathsep + \
                install_dirs['platlib']
        if self.save_pythonpath:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs + os.pathsep + \
                self.save_pythonpath
        else:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs

        return self 

def which(command, paths = None):
    """which(command, [paths]) - Look up the given command in the paths string
    (or the PATH environment variable, if unspecified)."""

    if paths is None:
        paths = os.environ.get('PATH','')

    # Check for absolute match first.
    if os.path.isfile(command):
        return command

    # Would be nice if Python had a lib function for this.
    if not paths:
        paths = os.defpath

    # Get suffixes to search.
    # On Cygwin, 'PATHEXT' may exist but it should not be used.
    if os.pathsep == ';':
        pathext = os.environ.get('PATHEXT', '').split(';')
    else:
        pathext = ['']

    # Search the paths...
    for path in paths.split(os.pathsep):
        for ext in pathext:
            p = os.path.join(path, command + ext)
            if os.path.exists(p):
                return p

    return None 

def __enter__(self):
        self.path = mkdtemp(prefix='pep517-build-env-')
        log.info('Temporary build environment: %s', self.path)

        self.save_path = os.environ.get('PATH', None)
        self.save_pythonpath = os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH', None)

        install_scheme = 'nt' if (os.name == 'nt') else 'posix_prefix'
        install_dirs = get_paths(install_scheme, vars={
            'base': self.path,
            'platbase': self.path,
        })

        scripts = install_dirs['scripts']
        if self.save_path:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + self.save_path
        else:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + os.defpath

        if install_dirs['purelib'] == install_dirs['platlib']:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib']
        else:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib'] + os.pathsep + \
                install_dirs['platlib']
        if self.save_pythonpath:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs + os.pathsep + \
                self.save_pythonpath
        else:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs

        return self 

def __enter__(self):
        self.path = mkdtemp(prefix='pep517-build-env-')
        log.info('Temporary build environment: %s', self.path)

        self.save_path = os.environ.get('PATH', None)
        self.save_pythonpath = os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH', None)

        install_scheme = 'nt' if (os.name == 'nt') else 'posix_prefix'
        install_dirs = get_paths(install_scheme, vars={
            'base': self.path,
            'platbase': self.path,
        })

        scripts = install_dirs['scripts']
        if self.save_path:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + self.save_path
        else:
            os.environ['PATH'] = scripts + os.pathsep + os.defpath

        if install_dirs['purelib'] == install_dirs['platlib']:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib']
        else:
            lib_dirs = install_dirs['purelib'] + os.pathsep + \
                install_dirs['platlib']
        if self.save_pythonpath:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs + os.pathsep + \
                self.save_pythonpath
        else:
            os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = lib_dirs

        return self