Python base64.urlsafe_b64decode() Examples

def sign_hmac(secret, payload):
    """Returns a base64-encoded HMAC-SHA1 signature of a given string.

    :param secret: The key used for the signature, base64 encoded.
    :type secret: string

    :param payload: The payload to sign.
    :type payload: string

    :rtype: string
    """
    payload = payload.encode('ascii', 'strict')
    secret = secret.encode('ascii', 'strict')
    sig = hmac.new(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(secret), payload, hashlib.sha1)
    out = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(sig.digest())
    return out.decode('utf-8') 

def decode_field(self, field, value):
    """Decode a JSON value to a python value.

    Args:
      field: A ProtoRPC field instance.
      value: A serialized JSON value.

    Returns:
      A Python value compatible with field.
    """
    # Override BytesField handling.  Client libraries typically use a url-safe
    # encoding.  b64decode doesn't handle these gracefully.  urlsafe_b64decode
    # handles both cases safely.  Also add padding if the padding is incorrect.
    if isinstance(field, messages.BytesField):
      try:
        # Need to call str(value) because ProtoRPC likes to pass values
        # as unicode, and urlsafe_b64decode can only handle bytes.
        padded_value = self.__pad_value(str(value), 4, '=')
        return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded_value)
      except (TypeError, UnicodeEncodeError), err:
        raise messages.DecodeError('Base64 decoding error: %s' % err) 

def b64d(b):
        """Decode some base64-encoded bytes.

        Raises Exception if the string contains invalid characters or padding.

        :param b: bytes
        """

        cb = b.rstrip(b"=")  # shouldn't but there you are

        # Python's base64 functions ignore invalid characters, so we need to
        # check for them explicitly.
        b64_re = re.compile(b"^[A-Za-z0-9_-]*$")
        if not b64_re.match(cb):
            raise Exception(cb, "base64-encoded data contains illegal characters")

        if cb == b:
            b = JWT.add_padding(b)

        return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(b) 

def is_valid_timestamp(b64_content: str) -> bool:
        """
        Return True if `b64_content` decodes to a valid timestamp.

        If the timestamp is greater than the Discord epoch, it's probably valid.
        See: https://i.imgur.com/7WdehGn.png
        """
        b64_content = utils.pad_base64(b64_content)

        try:
            decoded_bytes = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(b64_content)
            timestamp = int.from_bytes(decoded_bytes, byteorder="big")
        except (binascii.Error, ValueError) as e:
            log.debug(f"Failed to decode token timestamp '{b64_content}': {e}")
            return False

        # Seems like newer tokens don't need the epoch added, but add anyway since an upper bound
        # is not checked.
        if timestamp + TOKEN_EPOCH >= DISCORD_EPOCH:
            return True
        else:
            log.debug(f"Invalid token timestamp '{b64_content}': smaller than Discord epoch")
            return False 

def is_valid_user_id(b64_content: str) -> bool:
        """
        Check potential token to see if it contains a valid Discord user ID.

        See: https://discordapp.com/developers/docs/reference#snowflakes
        """
        b64_content = utils.pad_base64(b64_content)

        try:
            decoded_bytes = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(b64_content)
            string = decoded_bytes.decode('utf-8')

            # isdigit on its own would match a lot of other Unicode characters, hence the isascii.
            return string.isascii() and string.isdigit()
        except (binascii.Error, ValueError):
            return False 

def test_b64decode_invalid_chars(self):
        # issue 1466065: Test some invalid characters.
        tests = ((b'%3d==', b'\xdd'),
                 (b'$3d==', b'\xdd'),
                 (b'[==', b''),
                 (b'YW]3=', b'am'),
                 (b'3{d==', b'\xdd'),
                 (b'3d}==', b'\xdd'),
                 (b'@@', b''),
                 (b'!', b''),
                 (b'YWJj\nYWI=', b'abcab'))
        for bstr, res in tests:
            self.assertEqual(base64.b64decode(bstr), res)
            self.assertEqual(base64.standard_b64decode(bstr), res)
            self.assertEqual(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(bstr), res)

        # Normal alphabet characters not discarded when alternative given
        res = b'\xFB\xEF\xBE\xFF\xFF\xFF'
        self.assertEqual(base64.b64decode(b'++[[//]]', b'[]'), res)
        self.assertEqual(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(b'++--//__'), res) 

def test_returns_http2_settings(self, frame_factory):
        """
        Calling initiate_upgrade_connection returns a base64url encoded
        Settings frame with the settings used by the connection.
        """
        conn = h2.connection.H2Connection()
        data = conn.initiate_upgrade_connection()

        # The base64 encoding must not be padded.
        assert not data.endswith(b'=')

        # However, SETTINGS frames should never need to be padded.
        decoded_frame = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data)
        expected_frame = frame_factory.build_settings_frame(
            settings=conn.local_settings
        )
        assert decoded_frame == expected_frame.serialize_body() 

def _decode_uuid_line(line, passwd):
    decoded = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(line)
    if IS_WIN:
        key = scrypt.hash(passwd, socket.gethostname())
        key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(key[:32])
        try:
            f = Fernet(key, backend=crypto_backend)
            maybe_decrypted = f.decrypt(key)
        except Exception:
            return None
    else:
        try:
            maybe_decrypted = scrypt.decrypt(decoded, passwd, maxtime=0.1)
        except scrypt.error:
            return None
    match = re.findall("userid\:(.+)\:uuid\:(.+)", maybe_decrypted)
    if match:
        return match[0] 

def loads(self, bstruct):
        """
        Given a ``bstruct`` (a bytestring), verify the signature and then
        deserialize and return the deserialized value.

        A ``ValueError`` will be raised if the signature fails to validate.
        """
        try:
            b64padding = b'=' * (-len(bstruct) % 4)
            fstruct = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(bytes_(bstruct) + b64padding)
        except (binascii.Error, TypeError) as e:
            raise ValueError('Badly formed base64 data: %s' % e)

        cstruct = fstruct[self.digest_size:]
        expected_sig = fstruct[:self.digest_size]

        sig = hmac.new(
            self.salted_secret, bytes_(cstruct), self.digestmod).digest()

        if strings_differ(sig, expected_sig):
            raise ValueError('Invalid signature')

        return self.serializer.loads(cstruct) 

def load_friends(self):
        my_friends = self.requester.get_friends(self.username)
        for user in my_friends["friends"]:
            if user['username'] != self.username:
                friend_frame = ttk.Frame(self.canvas_frame)

                friend_avatar_path = os.path.join(friend_avatars_dir, f"{user['username']}.png")

                if user["avatar"]:
                    with open(friend_avatar_path, 'wb') as friend_avatar:
                        img = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(user['avatar'])
                        friend_avatar.write(img)
                else:
                    friend_avatar_path = default_avatar_path

                profile_photo = tk.PhotoImage(file=friend_avatar_path)
                profile_photo_label = ttk.Label(friend_frame, image=profile_photo)
                profile_photo_label.image = profile_photo

                friend_name = ttk.Label(friend_frame, text=user['real_name'], anchor=tk.W)

                message_this_friend = partial(self.open_chat_window, username=user["username"], real_name=user["real_name"], avatar=friend_avatar_path)
                block_this_friend = partial(self.block_friend, username=user["username"])

                message_button = ttk.Button(friend_frame, text="Chat", command=message_this_friend)
                block_button = ttk.Button(friend_frame, text="Block", command=block_this_friend)

                profile_photo_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
                friend_name.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
                message_button.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
                block_button.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=(0, 30))

                friend_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, expand=1) 

def test_b64decode(self):
        eq = self.assertEqual
        eq(base64.b64decode("d3d3LnB5dGhvbi5vcmc="), "www.python.org")
        eq(base64.b64decode('AA=='), '\x00')
        eq(base64.b64decode("YQ=="), "a")
        eq(base64.b64decode("YWI="), "ab")
        eq(base64.b64decode("YWJj"), "abc")
        eq(base64.b64decode("YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eXpBQkNE"
                            "RUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWjAxMjM0\nNT"
                            "Y3ODkhQCMwXiYqKCk7Ojw+LC4gW117fQ=="),
           "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
           "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
           "0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}")
        eq(base64.b64decode(''), '')
        # Test with arbitrary alternative characters
        eq(base64.b64decode('01a*b$cd', altchars='*$'), '\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d')
        # Non-bytes
        eq(base64.b64decode(bytearray("YWJj")), "abc")
        # Test standard alphabet
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("d3d3LnB5dGhvbi5vcmc="), "www.python.org")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YQ=="), "a")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YWI="), "ab")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YWJj"), "abc")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode(""), "")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eXpBQkNE"
                                     "RUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWjAxMjM0NT"
                                     "Y3ODkhQCMwXiYqKCk7Ojw+LC4gW117fQ=="),
           "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
           "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
           "0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}")
        # Non-bytes
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode(bytearray("YWJj")), "abc")
        # Test with 'URL safe' alternative characters
        eq(base64.urlsafe_b64decode('01a-b_cd'), '\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d')
        # Non-bytes
        eq(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(bytearray('01a-b_cd')), '\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d') 

def _urlsafe_b64decode(b64string):
  # Guard against unicode strings, which base64 can't handle.
  b64string = b64string.encode('ascii')
  padded = b64string + '=' * (4 - len(b64string) % 4)
  return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded) 

def urlsafe_b64decode(data):
    """urlsafe_b64decode without padding"""
    pad = b'=' * (4 - (len(data) & 3))
    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data + pad) 

def _urlsafe_b64decode(b64string):
  # Guard against unicode strings, which base64 can't handle.
  b64string = b64string.encode('ascii')
  padded = b64string + '=' * (4 - len(b64string) % 4)
  return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded) 

def _base64key_decode(b64):
    padding = len(b64) % 4
    if padding != 0:
        b64 += '=' * (4 - padding)
    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(b64.encode('utf8')) 

def test_b64decode(self):
        eq = self.assertEqual
        eq(base64.b64decode("d3d3LnB5dGhvbi5vcmc="), "www.python.org")
        eq(base64.b64decode('AA=='), '\x00')
        eq(base64.b64decode("YQ=="), "a")
        eq(base64.b64decode("YWI="), "ab")
        eq(base64.b64decode("YWJj"), "abc")
        eq(base64.b64decode("YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eXpBQkNE"
                            "RUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWjAxMjM0\nNT"
                            "Y3ODkhQCMwXiYqKCk7Ojw+LC4gW117fQ=="),
           "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
           "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
           "0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}")
        eq(base64.b64decode(''), '')
        # Test with arbitrary alternative characters
        eq(base64.b64decode('01a*b$cd', altchars='*$'), '\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d')
        # Non-bytes
        eq(base64.b64decode(bytearray("YWJj")), "abc")
        # Test standard alphabet
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("d3d3LnB5dGhvbi5vcmc="), "www.python.org")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YQ=="), "a")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YWI="), "ab")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YWJj"), "abc")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode(""), "")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eXpBQkNE"
                                     "RUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWjAxMjM0NT"
                                     "Y3ODkhQCMwXiYqKCk7Ojw+LC4gW117fQ=="),
           "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
           "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
           "0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}")
        # Non-bytes
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode(bytearray("YWJj")), "abc")
        # Test with 'URL safe' alternative characters
        eq(base64.urlsafe_b64decode('01a-b_cd'), '\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d')
        # Non-bytes
        eq(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(bytearray('01a-b_cd')), '\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d') 

def base64_decode(string):
    """base64 decodes a single bytestring (and is tolerant to getting
    called with a unicode string).
    The result is also a bytestring.
    """
    string = want_bytes(string, encoding='ascii', errors='ignore')
    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(string + b'=' * (-len(string) % 4)) 

def _urlsafe_b64decode(b64string):
  # Guard against unicode strings, which base64 can't handle.
  b64string = b64string.encode('ascii')
  padded = b64string + '=' * (4 - len(b64string) % 4)
  return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded) 

def input_invitation(agent):
    async for details in prompt_loop("Invite details: "):
        b64_invite = None
        try:
            url = urlparse(details)
            query = url.query
            if query and "c_i=" in query:
                pos = query.index("c_i=") + 4
                b64_invite = query[pos:]
            else:
                b64_invite = details
        except ValueError:
            b64_invite = details

        if b64_invite:
            try:
                padlen = 4 - len(b64_invite) % 4
                if padlen <= 2:
                    b64_invite += "=" * padlen
                invite_json = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(b64_invite)
                details = invite_json.decode("utf-8")
            except binascii.Error:
                pass
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                pass

        if details:
            try:
                json.loads(details)
                break
            except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
                log_msg("Invalid invitation:", str(e))

    with log_timer("Connect duration:"):
        connection = await agent.admin_POST("/connections/receive-invitation", details)
        agent.connection_id = connection["connection_id"]
        log_json(connection, label="Invitation response:")

        await agent.detect_connection() 

def _urlsafe_b64decode(b64string):
  # Guard against unicode strings, which base64 can't handle.
  b64string = b64string.encode('ascii')
  padded = b64string + '=' * (4 - len(b64string) % 4)
  return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded) 

def _urlsafe_b64decode(b64string):
  # Guard against unicode strings, which base64 can't handle.
  b64string = b64string.encode('ascii')
  padded = b64string + '=' * (4 - len(b64string) % 4)
  return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded) 

def base64url_decode(input):
    input += b('=') * (4 - (len(input) % 4))
    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(input) 

def base64url_decode(input):
    input += b('=') * (4 - (len(input) % 4))
    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(input) 

def make_app():
    app = web.Application()
    # secret_key must be 32 url-safe base64-encoded bytes
    fernet_key = fernet.Fernet.generate_key()
    secret_key = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(fernet_key)
    setup(app, EncryptedCookieStorage(secret_key))
    app.router.add_get('/', handler)
    return app 

def base64_to_long(data):
    if isinstance(data, six.text_type):
        data = data.encode("ascii")

    # urlsafe_b64decode will happily convert b64encoded data
    _d = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(bytes(data) + b'==')
    return intarr2long(struct.unpack('%sB' % len(_d), _d)) 

def urlsafe_b64decode(data):
    """urlsafe_b64decode without padding"""
    pad = b'=' * (4 - (len(data) & 3))
    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data + pad) 

def b64d(arg):
    if arg is None:
        return None
    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(str(arg) + '===='[:len(arg) % 4:]) 

def test_b64decode(self):
        eq = self.assertEqual
        eq(base64.b64decode("d3d3LnB5dGhvbi5vcmc="), "www.python.org")
        eq(base64.b64decode('AA=='), '\x00')
        eq(base64.b64decode("YQ=="), "a")
        eq(base64.b64decode("YWI="), "ab")
        eq(base64.b64decode("YWJj"), "abc")
        eq(base64.b64decode("YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eXpBQkNE"
                            "RUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWjAxMjM0\nNT"
                            "Y3ODkhQCMwXiYqKCk7Ojw+LC4gW117fQ=="),
           "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
           "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
           "0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}")
        eq(base64.b64decode(''), '')
        # Test with arbitrary alternative characters
        eq(base64.b64decode('01a*b$cd', altchars='*$'), '\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d')
        # Non-bytes
        eq(base64.b64decode(bytearray("YWJj")), "abc")
        # Test standard alphabet
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("d3d3LnB5dGhvbi5vcmc="), "www.python.org")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YQ=="), "a")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YWI="), "ab")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YWJj"), "abc")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode(""), "")
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode("YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eXpBQkNE"
                                     "RUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWjAxMjM0NT"
                                     "Y3ODkhQCMwXiYqKCk7Ojw+LC4gW117fQ=="),
           "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
           "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
           "0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}")
        # Non-bytes
        eq(base64.standard_b64decode(bytearray("YWJj")), "abc")
        # Test with 'URL safe' alternative characters
        eq(base64.urlsafe_b64decode('01a-b_cd'), '\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d')
        # Non-bytes
        eq(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(bytearray('01a-b_cd')), '\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d') 

def _unpack_code(cls, code):
        try:
            payload_enc = urlsafe_b64decode(code.encode())
            payload = crypto.decrypt(payload_enc, context='desecapi.serializers.AuthenticatedActionSerializer',
                                     ttl=settings.VALIDITY_PERIOD_VERIFICATION_SIGNATURE.total_seconds())
            return json.loads(payload.decode())
        except (TypeError, UnicodeDecodeError, UnicodeEncodeError, json.JSONDecodeError, binascii.Error):
            raise ValueError 

def decrypt(self, token, ttl=None):
        try:
            data = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(token)
        except (TypeError, Error):
            raise InvalidToken
        return super(Fernet, self).decrypt(data, ttl)