Python ctypes.c_ulong() Examples

def windowsRam(self):
        """
        Uses Windows API to check RAM
        """
        kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
        c_ulong = ctypes.c_ulong

        class MEMORYSTATUS(ctypes.Structure):
            _fields_ = [
                ("dwLength", c_ulong),
                ("dwMemoryLoad", c_ulong),
                ("dwTotalPhys", c_ulong),
                ("dwAvailPhys", c_ulong),
                ("dwTotalPageFile", c_ulong),
                ("dwAvailPageFile", c_ulong),
                ("dwTotalVirtual", c_ulong),
                ("dwAvailVirtual", c_ulong)
            ]

        memoryStatus = MEMORYSTATUS()
        memoryStatus.dwLength = ctypes.sizeof(MEMORYSTATUS)
        kernel32.GlobalMemoryStatus(ctypes.byref(memoryStatus))

        return int(memoryStatus.dwTotalPhys / 1024 ** 2) 

def getChannelData_Chan_No_On_Card(self, channel):
        """Get the channel number on the card.
        Retrieves the channel number, as numbered locally on the card, device
        connected to channel.
        Args:
            channel (int): The channel you are interested in
        Returns:
            number (int): The local channel number
        """
        self.fn = inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
        number = ct.c_ulong()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CHAN_NO_ON_CARD,
                                   ct.byref(number), ct.sizeof(number))
        buf_type = ct.c_uint * 1
        buf = buf_type()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CHAN_NO_ON_CARD,
                                   ct.byref(buf), ct.sizeof(buf))
        return number.value 

def getChannelData_Chan_No_On_Card(self, channel):
        """Get the channel number on the card.
        Retrieves the channel number, as numbered locally on the card, device
        connected to channel.
        Args:
            channel (int): The channel you are interested in
        Returns:
            number (int): The local channel number
        """
        self.fn = inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
        number = ct.c_ulong()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CHAN_NO_ON_CARD,
                                   ct.byref(number), ct.sizeof(number))
        buf_type = ct.c_uint * 1
        buf = buf_type()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CHAN_NO_ON_CARD,
                                   ct.byref(buf), ct.sizeof(buf))
        return number.value 

def getChannelData_CardNumber(self, channel):
        """Get the card number
        Retrieves the card's number in the computer. Each card type is numbered
        separately. For example, the first PCIEcan card in a machine will have
        number 0, the second PCIEcan number 1, etc.
        Args:
            channel (int): The channel you are interested in
        Returns:
            card_number (int): The device's card number
        """
        self.fn = inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
        buf_type = ct.c_ulong
        buf = buf_type()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CARD_NUMBER,
                                   ct.byref(buf), ct.sizeof(buf))
        return buf.value 

def getChannelData_EAN(self, channel):
        """Get EAN code
        Retrieves the EAN number for the device connected to channel. If there
        is no EAN number, "00-00000-00000-0" will be returned.
        Args:
            channel (int): The channel you are interested in
        Returns:
            ean (str): The device's EAN number
        """
        self.fn = inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
        buf_type = ct.c_ulong * 2
        buf = buf_type()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CARD_UPC_NO,
                                   ct.byref(buf), ct.sizeof(buf))
        (ean_lo, ean_hi) = struct.unpack('LL', buf)

        return "%02x-%05x-%05x-%x" % (ean_hi >> 12,
                                      ((ean_hi & 0xfff) << 8) | (ean_lo >> 24),
                                      (ean_lo >> 4) & 0xfffff, ean_lo & 0xf) 

def getChannelData_EAN_short(self, channel):
        """Get short EAN code
        Retrieves the short EAN number, aka product number, for the device
        connected to channel. If there is no EAN number, "00000-0" will be
        returned.
        Args:
            channel (int): The channel you are interested in
        Returns:
            ean (str): The device's shortened EAN number
        """
        self.fn = inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
        buf_type = ct.c_ulong * 2
        buf = buf_type()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CARD_UPC_NO,
                                   ct.byref(buf), ct.sizeof(buf))
        (ean_lo, ean_hi) = struct.unpack('LL', buf)
        return "%04x-%x" % ((ean_lo >> 4) & 0xffff, ean_lo & 0xf) 

def getWindowByPID(self, pid, order=0):
        """ Returns a handle for the first window that matches the provided PID """
        if pid <= 0:
            return None
        EnumWindowsProc = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
            ctypes.c_bool,
            ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int),
            ctypes.py_object)
        def callback(hwnd, context):
            if ctypes.windll.user32.IsWindowVisible(hwnd):
                pid = ctypes.c_ulong()
                ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, ctypes.byref(pid))
                if context["pid"] == int(pid.value) and not context["handle"]:
                    if context["order"] > 0:
                        context["order"] -= 1
                    else:
                        context["handle"] = hwnd
            return True
        data = {"pid": pid, "handle": None, "order": order}
        ctypes.windll.user32.EnumWindows(EnumWindowsProc(callback), ctypes.py_object(data))
        return data["handle"] 

def getChannelData_Serial(self, channel):
        """Get device serial number
        Retrieves the serial number for the device connected to channel. If the
        device does not have a serial number, 0 is returned.
        Args:
            channel (int): The channel you are interested in
        Returns:
            serial (int): The device serial number
        """
        self.fn = inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
        buf_type = ct.c_ulong * 2
        buf = buf_type()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CARD_SERIAL_NO,
                                   ct.byref(buf), ct.sizeof(buf))
        (serial_lo, serial_hi) = struct.unpack('LL', buf)
        # serial_hi is always 0
        return serial_lo 

def getChannelData_CardNumber(self, channel):
        """Get the card number
        Retrieves the card's number in the computer. Each card type is numbered
        separately. For example, the first PCIEcan card in a machine will have
        number 0, the second PCIEcan number 1, etc.
        Args:
            channel (int): The channel you are interested in
        Returns:
            card_number (int): The device's card number
        """
        self.fn = inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
        buf_type = ct.c_ulong
        buf = buf_type()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CARD_NUMBER,
                                   ct.byref(buf), ct.sizeof(buf))
        return buf.value 

def getChannelData_EAN_short(self, channel):
        """Get short EAN code
        Retrieves the short EAN number, aka product number, for the device
        connected to channel. If there is no EAN number, "00000-0" will be
        returned.
        Args:
            channel (int): The channel you are interested in
        Returns:
            ean (str): The device's shortened EAN number
        """
        self.fn = inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
        buf_type = ct.c_ulong * 2
        buf = buf_type()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CARD_UPC_NO,
                                   ct.byref(buf), ct.sizeof(buf))
        (ean_lo, ean_hi) = struct.unpack('LL', buf)
        return "%04x-%x" % ((ean_lo >> 4) & 0xffff, ean_lo & 0xf) 

def getch_impl():
    # TODO: This windows impl keeps pipes/redirects from working. Need ReadFile for that,
    # with more complicated handling (personally, I'm just going to keep using unix/cygwin
    # for pipe-y debug stuff...)
    # TODO: Windows escape seqs via ReadConsoleInput, convert to VT100 seqs for more commonality.
    if is_windows:
        stdin_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(ctypes.c_ulong(-10))
        one_char_buf = ctypes.c_uint32()
        chars_read = ctypes.c_uint32()
        # NOTE: W version of this function == ERROR_NOACCESS after text color set in photopia!?
        result = ctypes.windll.kernel32.ReadConsoleA(stdin_handle,
                                                     ctypes.byref(one_char_buf),
                                                     1,
                                                     ctypes.byref(chars_read),
                                                     0)

        if result == 0 or chars_read.value != 1:
            last_err = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetLastError()
            print('LAST ERR', last_err)
            err('failed to read console')

        return chr(one_char_buf.value)
    else: #Unix
        return sys.stdin.read(1) 

def set_color(fg_col, bg_col):
    global last_fg_col
    global last_bg_col
    if fg_col == last_fg_col and bg_col == last_bg_col:
        return
    last_fg_col = fg_col
    last_bg_col = bg_col
    if is_windows:
        # convert from (rgb+2) to bgr
        fg_col = rgb3_to_bgr3(fg_col-2)
        bg_col = rgb3_to_bgr3(bg_col-2)
        col_attr = fg_col | (bg_col << 4)
        stdout_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(ctypes.c_ulong(-11))
        ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, col_attr)
    else:
        color = str(fg_col + 28)
        sys.stdout.write('\x1b['+color+'m')
        color = str(bg_col + 38)
        sys.stdout.write('\x1b['+color+'m')

# TODO: any other encodings to check for? 

def get_curr_window():
		user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
		kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
		hwnd = user32.GetForegroundWindow()
		pid = ctypes.c_ulong(0)
		user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, ctypes.byref(pid))
		process_id = "%d" % pid.value
		executable = ctypes.create_string_buffer(512)
		h_process = kernel32.OpenProcess(0x400 | 0x10, False, pid)
		ctypes.windll.psapi.GetModuleBaseNameA(h_process, None, ctypes.byref(executable), 512)
		window_title = ctypes.create_string_buffer(512)
		length = user32.GetWindowTextA(hwnd, ctypes.byref(window_title), 512)
		pid_info = "\n[ PID %s - %s - %s ]" % (process_id, executable.value, window_title.value)
		kernel32.CloseHandle(hwnd)
		kernel32.CloseHandle(h_process)
		return pid_info 

def _migrate_page_call(pid, max_node, old_nodes, new_node) -> int:
    """Wrapper on migrate_pages function using libc syscall"""

    pid = int(pid)
    max = ctypes.c_ulong(max_node + 1)
    old = ctypes.pointer(ctypes.c_ulong(old_nodes))
    new = ctypes.pointer(ctypes.c_ulong(new_node))

    # Example memory_migrate(256, pid, 5, 13 -> b'1101', 2 -> b'0010')
    result = LIBC.syscall(NR_MIGRATE_PAGES, pid, max, old, new)

    if result == -1:
        errno = ctypes.get_errno()
        raise UnableToMigratePages('Unable to migrate pages: {}, {}.'
                                   .format(errno, os.strerror(errno)))
    log.log(TRACE, 'Number of not moved pages (return from migrate_pages syscall): %d', result)
    return result 

def enum_pids():
	
	max_array = c_ulong * 4096 # define long array to capture all the processes
	pProcessIds = max_array() # array to store the list of processes
	pBytesReturned = c_ulong() # the number of bytes returned in the array
	#EnumProcess 
	res = EnumProcesses(
		ctypes.byref(pProcessIds),
		ctypes.sizeof(pProcessIds),
		ctypes.byref(pBytesReturned)
	)
	if res == 0:
		logging.error(WinError(get_last_error()))
		return []
  
	# get the number of returned processes
	nReturned = int(pBytesReturned.value/ctypes.sizeof(c_ulong()))
	return [i for i in pProcessIds[:nReturned]]
	
#https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms683217(v=vs.85).aspx 

def execute(self, window):
        # Ensure that the primary mouse button is the *left* button before
        # sending events.
        primary_changed = windll.user32.SwapMouseButton(0)

        # Prepare and send the mouse events.
        zero = pointer(c_ulong(0))
        inputs = [MouseInput(0, 0, flag[1], flag[0], 0, zero)
                  for flag in self._flags]
        array = make_input_array(inputs)
        send_input_array(array)

        # Swap the primary mouse button back if it was previously set to
        # *right*.
        if primary_changed:
            windll.user32.SwapMouseButton(1) 

def getChannelData_EAN(self, channel):
        """Get EAN code
        Retrieves the EAN number for the device connected to channel. If there
        is no EAN number, "00-00000-00000-0" will be returned.
        Args:
            channel (int): The channel you are interested in
        Returns:
            ean (str): The device's EAN number
        """
        self.fn = inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
        buf_type = ct.c_ulong * 2
        buf = buf_type()
        self.dll.canGetChannelData(channel,
                                   canCHANNELDATA_CARD_UPC_NO,
                                   ct.byref(buf), ct.sizeof(buf))
        (ean_lo, ean_hi) = struct.unpack('LL', buf)

        return "%02x-%05x-%05x-%x" % (ean_hi >> 12,
                                      ((ean_hi & 0xfff) << 8) | (ean_lo >> 24),
                                      (ean_lo >> 4) & 0xfffff, ean_lo & 0xf) 

def ReleaseKey(hexKeyCode):
    extra = ctypes.c_ulong(0)
    ii_ = Input_I()
    ii_.ki = KeyBdInput( 0, hexKeyCode, 0x0008 | 0x0002, 0, ctypes.pointer(extra) )
    x = Input( ctypes.c_ulong(1), ii_ )
    ctypes.windll.user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.pointer(x), ctypes.sizeof(x)) 

def PressKey(hexKeyCode):
    extra = ctypes.c_ulong(0)
    ii_ = Input_I()
    ii_.ki = KeyBdInput( 0, hexKeyCode, 0x0008, 0, ctypes.pointer(extra) )
    x = Input( ctypes.c_ulong(1), ii_ )
    ctypes.windll.user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.pointer(x), ctypes.sizeof(x)) 

def stderr_handle():
    GetStdHandle = ctypes.windll.Kernel32.GetStdHandle
    STD_ERROR_HANDLE_ID = ctypes.c_ulong(0xfffffff4)
    GetStdHandle.restype = ctypes.c_ulong
    handle = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE_ID)
    atexit.register(ctypes.windll.Kernel32.CloseHandle, handle)
    return handle 

def PressKey(hexKeyCode):
    extra = ctypes.c_ulong(0)
    ii_ = Input_I()
    ii_.ki = KeyBdInput( 0, hexKeyCode, 0x0008, 0, ctypes.pointer(extra) )
    x = Input( ctypes.c_ulong(1), ii_ )
    ctypes.windll.user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.pointer(x), ctypes.sizeof(x)) 

def create_c_callable(func, types, keepalive=[]):
    func_type = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(*types)
    c_callable = func_type(func)
    # Dirty, but other methods require native code execution
    c_callback_addr = ctypes.c_ulong.from_address(id(c_callable._objects['0']) + 3 * ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_void_p)).value
    keepalive.append(c_callable)
    return c_callback_addr 

def print_color(s, color=None, bold=False, file=sys.stdout):
    """Print a colorized version of string."""
    if not term_supports_colors():
        print(s, file=file)  # NOQA
    elif POSIX:
        print(hilite(s, color, bold), file=file)  # NOQA
    else:
        import ctypes

        DEFAULT_COLOR = 7
        GetStdHandle = ctypes.windll.Kernel32.GetStdHandle
        SetConsoleTextAttribute = \
            ctypes.windll.Kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute

        colors = dict(green=2, red=4, brown=6, yellow=6)
        colors[None] = DEFAULT_COLOR
        try:
            color = colors[color]
        except KeyError:
            raise ValueError("invalid color %r; choose between %r" % (
                color, list(colors.keys())))
        if bold and color <= 7:
            color += 8

        handle_id = -12 if file is sys.stderr else -11
        GetStdHandle.restype = ctypes.c_ulong
        handle = GetStdHandle(handle_id)
        SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)
        try:
            print(s, file=file)    # NOQA
        finally:
            SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, DEFAULT_COLOR) 

def free(self):
		# Free the function memory segment
		if DataSource.is_windows:
			MEM_RELEASE = ctypes.c_ulong(0x8000)
			ctypes.windll.kernel32.VirtualFree(ctypes.c_void_p(self.address), ctypes.c_size_t(0), MEM_RELEASE)
		else:
			self.mm.close()

		self.prochandle = None
		self.mm = None
		self.func = None
		self.address = None
		self.size = 0 

def mouse_down(self, window, button):
        """
        Send a mouse press (aka mouse down) for a given button at
        the current mouse location.

        :param window:
            The window you want to send the event to or CURRENTWINDOW
        :param button:
            The mouse button. Generally, 1 is left, 2 is middle, 3 is
            right, 4 is wheel up, 5 is wheel down.
        """
        _libxdo.xdo_mouse_down(
            self._xdo, ctypes.c_ulong(window), ctypes.c_int(button)) 

def mouse_up(self, window, button):
        """
        Send a mouse release (aka mouse up) for a given button at
        the current mouse location.

        :param window:
            The window you want to send the event to or CURRENTWINDOW
        :param button:
            The mouse button. Generally, 1 is left, 2 is middle, 3 is
            right, 4 is wheel up, 5 is wheel down.
        """
        _libxdo.xdo_mouse_up(
            self._xdo, ctypes.c_ulong(window), ctypes.c_int(button)) 

def getWindowPID(self, hwnd):
        """ Gets the process ID that the specified window belongs to """
        pid = ctypes.c_ulong()
        ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, ctypes.byref(pid))
        return int(pid.value) 

def isPIDValid(self, pid):
        """ Checks if a PID is associated with a running process """
        ## Slightly copied wholesale from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/568271/how-to-check-if-there-exists-a-process-with-a-given-pid
        ## Thanks to http://stackoverflow.com/users/1777162/ntrrgc and http://stackoverflow.com/users/234270/speedplane
        class ExitCodeProcess(ctypes.Structure):
            _fields_ = [('hProcess', ctypes.c_void_p),
                        ('lpExitCode', ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ulong))]
        SYNCHRONIZE = 0x100000
        PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION = 0x1000
        process = self._kernel32.OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE|PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, 0, pid)
        if not process:
            return False
        ec = ExitCodeProcess()
        out = self._kernel32.GetExitCodeProcess(process, ctypes.byref(ec))
        if not out:
            err = self._kernel32.GetLastError()
            if self._kernel32.GetLastError() == 5:
                # Access is denied.
                logging.warning("Access is denied to get pid info.")
            self._kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
            return False
        elif bool(ec.lpExitCode):
            # There is an exit code, it quit
            self._kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
            return False
        # No exit code, it's running.
        self._kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
        return True 

def free(self):
		import ctypes

		# Free the function memory segment
		if is_windows:
			MEM_RELEASE = ctypes.c_ulong(0x8000)
			ctypes.windll.kernel32.VirtualFree(ctypes.c_void_p(self.address), ctypes.c_size_t(0), MEM_RELEASE)
		else:
			self.mm.close()

		self.prochandle = None
		self.mm = None
		self.func = None
		self.address = None
		self.size = 0 

def move_mouse_relative_to_window(self, window, x, y):
        """
        Move the mouse to a specific location relative to the top-left corner
        of a window.

        :param x: the target X coordinate on the screen in pixels.
        :param y: the target Y coordinate on the screen in pixels.
        """
        _libxdo.xdo_move_mouse_relative_to_window(
            self._xdo, ctypes.c_ulong(window), x, y)