Python copy_reg.pickle() Examples

def test_reduce_bad_iterator(self):
        # Issue4176: crash when 4th and 5th items of __reduce__()
        # are not iterators
        class C(object):
            def __reduce__(self):
                # 4th item is not an iterator
                return list, (), None, [], None
        class D(object):
            def __reduce__(self):
                # 5th item is not an iterator
                return dict, (), None, None, []

        # Protocol 0 is less strict and also accept iterables.
        for proto in protocols:
            try:
                self.dumps(C(), proto)
            except (AttributeError, pickle.PickleError, cPickle.PickleError):
                pass
            try:
                self.dumps(D(), proto)
            except (AttributeError, pickle.PickleError, cPickle.PickleError):
                pass 

def test_dict_chunking(self):
        n = 10  # too small to chunk
        x = dict.fromkeys(range(n))
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
            y = self.loads(s)
            self.assertEqual(x, y)
            num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s)
            self.assertEqual(num_setitems, proto > 0)

        n = 2500  # expect at least two chunks when proto > 0
        x = dict.fromkeys(range(n))
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
            y = self.loads(s)
            self.assertEqual(x, y)
            num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s)
            if proto == 0:
                self.assertEqual(num_setitems, 0)
            else:
                self.assertTrue(num_setitems >= 2) 

def test_proto(self):
        build_none = pickle.NONE + pickle.STOP
        for proto in protocols:
            expected = build_none
            if proto >= 2:
                expected = pickle.PROTO + chr(proto) + expected
            p = self.dumps(None, proto)
            self.assertEqual(p, expected)

        oob = protocols[-1] + 1     # a future protocol
        badpickle = pickle.PROTO + chr(oob) + build_none
        try:
            self.loads(badpickle)
        except ValueError, detail:
            self.assertTrue(str(detail).startswith(
                                            "unsupported pickle protocol")) 

def test_reduce_bad_iterator(self):
        # Issue4176: crash when 4th and 5th items of __reduce__()
        # are not iterators
        class C(object):
            def __reduce__(self):
                # 4th item is not an iterator
                return list, (), None, [], None
        class D(object):
            def __reduce__(self):
                # 5th item is not an iterator
                return dict, (), None, None, []

        # Protocol 0 in Python implementation is less strict and also accepts
        # iterables.
        for proto in protocols:
            try:
                self.dumps(C(), proto)
            except (AttributeError, pickle.PicklingError, cPickle.PicklingError):
                pass
            try:
                self.dumps(D(), proto)
            except (AttributeError, pickle.PicklingError, cPickle.PicklingError):
                pass 

def test_long(self):
        for proto in protocols:
            # 256 bytes is where LONG4 begins.
            for nbits in 1, 8, 8*254, 8*255, 8*256, 8*257:
                nbase = 1L << nbits
                for npos in nbase-1, nbase, nbase+1:
                    for n in npos, -npos:
                        pickle = self.dumps(n, proto)
                        got = self.loads(pickle)
                        self.assertEqual(n, got)
        # Try a monster.  This is quadratic-time in protos 0 & 1, so don't
        # bother with those.
        nbase = long("deadbeeffeedface", 16)
        nbase += nbase << 1000000
        for n in nbase, -nbase:
            p = self.dumps(n, 2)
            got = self.loads(p)
            self.assertEqual(n, got) 

def test_short_tuples(self):
        # Map (proto, len(tuple)) to expected opcode.
        expected_opcode = {(0, 0): pickle.TUPLE,
                           (0, 1): pickle.TUPLE,
                           (0, 2): pickle.TUPLE,
                           (0, 3): pickle.TUPLE,
                           (0, 4): pickle.TUPLE,

                           (1, 0): pickle.EMPTY_TUPLE,
                           (1, 1): pickle.TUPLE,
                           (1, 2): pickle.TUPLE,
                           (1, 3): pickle.TUPLE,
                           (1, 4): pickle.TUPLE,

                           (2, 0): pickle.EMPTY_TUPLE,
                           (2, 1): pickle.TUPLE1,
                           (2, 2): pickle.TUPLE2,
                           (2, 3): pickle.TUPLE3,
                           (2, 4): pickle.TUPLE,
                          }
        a = ()
        b = (1,)
        c = (1, 2)
        d = (1, 2, 3)
        e = (1, 2, 3, 4)
        for proto in protocols:
            for x in a, b, c, d, e:
                s = self.dumps(x, proto)
                y = self.loads(s)
                self.assertEqual(x, y, (proto, x, s, y))
                expected = expected_opcode[proto, len(x)]
                self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s), True) 

def test_singletons(self):
        # Map (proto, singleton) to expected opcode.
        expected_opcode = {(0, None): pickle.NONE,
                           (1, None): pickle.NONE,
                           (2, None): pickle.NONE,

                           (0, True): pickle.INT,
                           (1, True): pickle.INT,
                           (2, True): pickle.NEWTRUE,

                           (0, False): pickle.INT,
                           (1, False): pickle.INT,
                           (2, False): pickle.NEWFALSE,
                          }
        for proto in protocols:
            for x in None, False, True:
                s = self.dumps(x, proto)
                y = self.loads(s)
                self.assertTrue(x is y, (proto, x, s, y))
                expected = expected_opcode[proto, x]
                self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s), True) 

def test_singletons(self):
        # Map (proto, singleton) to expected opcode.
        expected_opcode = {(0, None): pickle.NONE,
                           (1, None): pickle.NONE,
                           (2, None): pickle.NONE,

                           (0, True): pickle.INT,
                           (1, True): pickle.INT,
                           (2, True): pickle.NEWTRUE,

                           (0, False): pickle.INT,
                           (1, False): pickle.INT,
                           (2, False): pickle.NEWFALSE,
                          }
        for proto in protocols:
            for x in None, False, True:
                s = self.dumps(x, proto)
                y = self.loads(s)
                self.assertTrue(x is y, (proto, x, s, y))
                expected = expected_opcode[proto, x]
                self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s), True) 

def test_dict_chunking(self):
        n = 10  # too small to chunk
        x = dict.fromkeys(range(n))
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
            y = self.loads(s)
            self.assertEqual(x, y)
            num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s)
            self.assertEqual(num_setitems, proto > 0)

        n = 2500  # expect at least two chunks when proto > 0
        x = dict.fromkeys(range(n))
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
            y = self.loads(s)
            self.assertEqual(x, y)
            num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s)
            if proto == 0:
                self.assertEqual(num_setitems, 0)
            else:
                self.assertTrue(num_setitems >= 2) 

def no_tracing(func):
    """Decorator to temporarily turn off tracing for the duration of a test."""
    if not hasattr(sys, 'gettrace'):
        return func
    else:
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            original_trace = sys.gettrace()
            try:
                sys.settrace(None)
                return func(*args, **kwargs)
            finally:
                sys.settrace(original_trace)
        wrapper.__name__ = func.__name__
        return wrapper


# Return True if opcode code appears in the pickle, else False. 

def test_proto(self):
        build_none = pickle.NONE + pickle.STOP
        for proto in protocols:
            expected = build_none
            if proto >= 2:
                expected = pickle.PROTO + chr(proto) + expected
            p = self.dumps(None, proto)
            self.assertEqual(p, expected)

        oob = protocols[-1] + 1     # a future protocol
        badpickle = pickle.PROTO + chr(oob) + build_none
        try:
            self.loads(badpickle)
        except ValueError, detail:
            self.assertTrue(str(detail).startswith(
                                            "unsupported pickle protocol")) 

def test_list_chunking(self):
        n = 10  # too small to chunk
        x = range(n)
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
            y = self.loads(s)
            self.assertEqual(x, y)
            num_appends = count_opcode(pickle.APPENDS, s)
            self.assertEqual(num_appends, proto > 0)

        n = 2500  # expect at least two chunks when proto > 0
        x = range(n)
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
            y = self.loads(s)
            self.assertEqual(x, y)
            num_appends = count_opcode(pickle.APPENDS, s)
            if proto == 0:
                self.assertEqual(num_appends, 0)
            else:
                self.assertTrue(num_appends >= 2) 

def count_opcode(code, pickle):
    n = 0
    for op, dummy, dummy in pickletools.genops(pickle):
        if op.code == code:
            n += 1
    return n

# We can't very well test the extension registry without putting known stuff
# in it, but we have to be careful to restore its original state.  Code
# should do this:
#
#     e = ExtensionSaver(extension_code)
#     try:
#         fiddle w/ the extension registry's stuff for extension_code
#     finally:
#         e.restore() 

def count_opcode(code, pickle):
    n = 0
    for op, dummy, dummy in pickletools.genops(pickle):
        if op.code == code:
            n += 1
    return n

# We can't very well test the extension registry without putting known stuff
# in it, but we have to be careful to restore its original state.  Code
# should do this:
#
#     e = ExtensionSaver(extension_code)
#     try:
#         fiddle w/ the extension registry's stuff for extension_code
#     finally:
#         e.restore() 

def test_proto(self):
        build_none = pickle.NONE + pickle.STOP
        for proto in protocols:
            expected = build_none
            if proto >= 2:
                expected = pickle.PROTO + chr(proto) + expected
            p = self.dumps(None, proto)
            self.assertEqual(p, expected)

        oob = protocols[-1] + 1     # a future protocol
        badpickle = pickle.PROTO + chr(oob) + build_none
        try:
            self.loads(badpickle)
        except ValueError, detail:
            self.assertTrue(str(detail).startswith(
                                            "unsupported pickle protocol")) 

def test_global_ext2(self):
        self.produce_global_ext(0x00000100, pickle.EXT2)  # smallest EXT2 code
        self.produce_global_ext(0x0000ffff, pickle.EXT2)  # largest EXT2 code
        self.produce_global_ext(0x0000abcd, pickle.EXT2)  # check endianness 

def test_simple_newobj(self):
        x = object.__new__(SimpleNewObj)  # avoid __init__
        x.abc = 666
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.NEWOBJ, s), proto >= 2)
            y = self.loads(s)   # will raise TypeError if __init__ called
            self.assertEqual(y.abc, 666)
            self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__) 

def precisionbigmemtest(*args, **kwargs):
        return lambda self: None

# Tests that try a number of pickle protocols should have a
#     for proto in protocols:
# kind of outer loop. 

def opcode_in_pickle(code, pickle):
    for op, dummy, dummy in pickletools.genops(pickle):
        if op.code == code:
            return True
    return False

# Return the number of times opcode code appears in pickle. 

def run_with_locale(catstr, *locales):
    def decorator(func):
        def inner(*args, **kwds):
            try:
                import locale
                category = getattr(locale, catstr)
                orig_locale = locale.setlocale(category)
            except AttributeError:
                # if the test author gives us an invalid category string
                raise
            except:
                # cannot retrieve original locale, so do nothing
                locale = orig_locale = None
            else:
                for loc in locales:
                    try:
                        locale.setlocale(category, loc)
                        break
                    except:
                        pass

            # now run the function, resetting the locale on exceptions
            try:
                return func(*args, **kwds)
            finally:
                if locale and orig_locale:
                    locale.setlocale(category, orig_locale)
        inner.func_name = func.func_name
        inner.__doc__ = func.__doc__
        return inner
    return decorator


# Return True if opcode code appears in the pickle, else False. 

def test_global_ext4(self):
        self.produce_global_ext(0x00010000, pickle.EXT4)  # smallest EXT4 code
        self.produce_global_ext(0x7fffffff, pickle.EXT4)  # largest EXT4 code
        self.produce_global_ext(0x12abcdef, pickle.EXT4)  # check endianness 

def opcode_in_pickle(code, pickle):
    for op, dummy, dummy in pickletools.genops(pickle):
        if op.code == code:
            return True
    return False

# Return the number of times opcode code appears in pickle. 

def test_global_ext1(self):
        self.produce_global_ext(0x00000001, pickle.EXT1)  # smallest EXT1 code
        self.produce_global_ext(0x000000ff, pickle.EXT1)  # largest EXT1 code 

def test_newobj_generic(self):
        for proto in protocols:
            for C in myclasses:
                B = C.__base__
                x = C(C.sample)
                x.foo = 42
                s = self.dumps(x, proto)
                y = self.loads(s)
                detail = (proto, C, B, x, y, type(y))
                self.assertEqual(B(x), B(y), detail)
                self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__, detail)

    # Register a type with copy_reg, with extension code extcode.  Pickle
    # an object of that type.  Check that the resulting pickle uses opcode
    # (EXT[124]) under proto 2, and not in proto 1. 

def test_long4(self):
        x = 12345678910111213141516178920L << (256*8)
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
            y = self.loads(s)
            self.assertEqual(x, y)
            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG4, s), proto >= 2) 

def test_long1(self):
        x = 12345678910111213141516178920L
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
            y = self.loads(s)
            self.assertEqual(x, y)
            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG1, s), proto >= 2) 

def test_dynamic_class(self):
        a = create_dynamic_class("my_dynamic_class", (object,))
        copy_reg.pickle(pickling_metaclass, pickling_metaclass.__reduce__)
        for proto in protocols:
            s = self.dumps(a, proto)
            b = self.loads(s)
            self.assertEqual(a, b) 

def test_float(self):
        test_values = [0.0, 4.94e-324, 1e-310, 7e-308, 6.626e-34, 0.1, 0.5,
                       3.14, 263.44582062374053, 6.022e23, 1e30]
        test_values = test_values + [-x for x in test_values]
        for proto in protocols:
            for value in test_values:
                pickle = self.dumps(value, proto)
                got = self.loads(pickle)
                self.assertEqual(value, got) 

def test_load_from_canned_string(self):
        expected = self._testdata
        for canned in DATA0, DATA1, DATA2:
            got = self.loads(canned)
            self.assertEqual(expected, got)

    # There are gratuitous differences between pickles produced by
    # pickle and cPickle, largely because cPickle starts PUT indices at
    # 1 and pickle starts them at 0.  See XXX comment in cPickle's put2() --
    # there's a comment with an exclamation point there whose meaning
    # is a mystery.  cPickle also suppresses PUT for objects with a refcount
    # of 1. 

def _ufunc_reduce(func):
    from pickle import whichmodule
    name = func.__name__
    return _ufunc_reconstruct, (whichmodule(func, name), name)