Python getopt.error() Examples

def main():
    """Small main program"""
    import sys, getopt
    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'deut')
    except getopt.error as msg:
        sys.stdout = sys.stderr
        print(msg)
        print("""usage: %s [-d|-e|-u|-t] [file|-]
        -d, -u: decode
        -e: encode (default)
        -t: encode and decode string 'Aladdin:open sesame'"""%sys.argv[0])
        sys.exit(2)
    func = encode
    for o, a in opts:
        if o == '-e': func = encode
        if o == '-d': func = decode
        if o == '-u': func = decode
        if o == '-t': test(); return
    if args and args[0] != '-':
        with open(args[0], 'rb') as f:
            func(f, sys.stdout.buffer)
    else:
        func(sys.stdin.buffer, sys.stdout.buffer) 

def retrfile(self, file, type):
        import ftplib
        self.endtransfer()
        if type in ('d', 'D'): cmd = 'TYPE A'; isdir = 1
        else: cmd = 'TYPE ' + type; isdir = 0
        try:
            self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
        except ftplib.all_errors:
            self.init()
            self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
        conn = None
        if file and not isdir:
            # Try to retrieve as a file
            try:
                cmd = 'RETR ' + file
                conn = self.ftp.ntransfercmd(cmd)
            except ftplib.error_perm, reason:
                if str(reason)[:3] != '550':
                    raise IOError, ('ftp error', reason), sys.exc_info()[2] 

def set_policy_to_vmdk(vmdk_path, opts, vol_name=None):
    """
    Set VSAN policy to the vmdk object
    If failed, delete the vmdk file and return the error info to be displayed
    on client
    """
    out = vsan_policy.set_policy_by_name(vmdk_path, opts[kv.VSAN_POLICY_NAME])
    if out:
        # If policy is incompatible/wrong, return the error and delete the vmdk_path
        msg = ("Failed to create volume %s: %s" % (vol_name, out))
        logging.warning(msg)
        error_info = err(msg)
        clean_err = cleanVMDK(vmdk_path=vmdk_path,
                            vol_name=vol_name)

        if clean_err:
            logging.warning("Failed to clean %s file: %s", vmdk_path, clean_err)
            error_info = error_info + clean_err

        return error_info

    return None 

def main(args=None):
    """Main program, used when run as a script.

    The optional argument specifies the command line to be parsed,
    defaulting to sys.argv[1:].

    The return value is an exit code to be passed to sys.exit(); it
    may be None to indicate success.

    When an exception happens during timing, a traceback is printed to
    stderr and the return value is 1.  Exceptions at other times
    (including the template compilation) are not caught.
    """
    if args is None:
        args = sys.argv[1:]
    import getopt
    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(args, "n:s:r:tcvh",
                                   ["number=", "setup=", "repeat=",
                                    "time", "clock", "verbose", "help"])
    except getopt.error, err:
        print err
        print "use -h/--help for command line help"
        return 2 

def main(argv=None):
    import getopt

    if argv is None:
        argv = sys.argv
    try:
        opts, prog_argv = getopt.getopt(argv[1:], "tcrRf:d:msC:lTg",
                                        ["help", "version", "trace", "count",
                                         "report", "no-report", "summary",
                                         "file=", "missing",
                                         "ignore-module=", "ignore-dir=",
                                         "coverdir=", "listfuncs",
                                         "trackcalls", "timing"])

    except getopt.error, msg:
        sys.stderr.write("%s: %s\n" % (sys.argv[0], msg))
        sys.stderr.write("Try `%s --help' for more information\n"
                         % sys.argv[0])
        sys.exit(1) 

def _get_line(self):

        line = self.readline()
        if not line:
            raise self.abort('socket error: EOF')

        # Protocol mandates all lines terminated by CRLF
        if not line.endswith('\r\n'):
            raise self.abort('socket error: unterminated line')

        line = line[:-2]
        if __debug__:
            if self.debug >= 4:
                self._mesg('< %s' % line)
            else:
                self._log('< %s' % line)
        return line 

def uid(self, command, *args):
        """Execute "command arg ..." with messages identified by UID,
                rather than message number.

        (typ, [data]) = <instance>.uid(command, arg1, arg2, ...)

        Returns response appropriate to 'command'.
        """
        command = command.upper()
        if not command in Commands:
            raise self.error("Unknown IMAP4 UID command: %s" % command)
        if self.state not in Commands[command]:
            raise self.error("command %s illegal in state %s, "
                             "only allowed in states %s" %
                             (command, self.state,
                              ', '.join(Commands[command])))
        name = 'UID'
        typ, dat = self._simple_command(name, command, *args)
        if command in ('SEARCH', 'SORT', 'THREAD'):
            name = command
        else:
            name = 'FETCH'
        return self._untagged_response(typ, dat, name) 

def xatom(self, name, *args):
        """Allow simple extension commands
                notified by server in CAPABILITY response.

        Assumes command is legal in current state.

        (typ, [data]) = <instance>.xatom(name, arg, ...)

        Returns response appropriate to extension command `name'.
        """
        name = name.upper()
        #if not name in self.capabilities:      # Let the server decide!
        #    raise self.error('unknown extension command: %s' % name)
        if not name in Commands:
            Commands[name] = (self.state,)
        return self._simple_command(name, *args)



    #       Private methods 

def xatom(self, name, *args):
        """Allow simple extension commands
                notified by server in CAPABILITY response.

        Assumes command is legal in current state.

        (typ, [data]) = <instance>.xatom(name, arg, ...)

        Returns response appropriate to extension command `name'.
        """
        name = name.upper()
        #if not name in self.capabilities:      # Let the server decide!
        #    raise self.error('unknown extension command: %s' % name)
        if not name in Commands:
            Commands[name] = (self.state,)
        return self._simple_command(name, *args)



    #       Private methods 

def _find_grail_rc(self):
        import glob
        import pwd
        import socket
        import tempfile
        tempdir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(),
                               ".grail-unix")
        user = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0]
        filename = os.path.join(tempdir, user + "-*")
        maybes = glob.glob(filename)
        if not maybes:
            return None
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        for fn in maybes:
            # need to PING each one until we find one that's live
            try:
                s.connect(fn)
            except socket.error:
                # no good; attempt to clean it out, but don't fail:
                try:
                    os.unlink(fn)
                except IOError:
                    pass
            else:
                return s 

def _get_line(self):

        line = self.readline()
        if not line:
            raise self.abort('socket error: EOF')

        # Protocol mandates all lines terminated by CRLF
        if not line.endswith('\r\n'):
            raise self.abort('socket error: unterminated line')

        line = line[:-2]
        if __debug__:
            if self.debug >= 4:
                self._mesg('< %s' % line)
            else:
                self._log('< %s' % line)
        return line 

def getVMDK(vmdk_path, vol_name, datastore):
    """Checks if the volume exists, and returns error if it does not"""
    # Note: will return more Volume info here, when Docker API actually accepts it
    logging.debug("getVMDK: vmdk_path=%s vol_name=%s, datastore=%s", vmdk_path, vol_name, datastore)
    file_exist = os.path.isfile(vmdk_path)
    logging.debug("getVMDK: file_exist=%d", file_exist)
    if not os.path.isfile(vmdk_path):
        return err("Volume {0} not found (file: {1})".format(vol_name, vmdk_path))
    # Return volume info - volume policy, size, allocated capacity, allocation
    # type, creat-by, create time.
    try:
        result = vol_info(kv.getAll(vmdk_path),
                          kv.get_vol_info(vmdk_path),
                          datastore)
    except Exception as ex:
        logging.error("Failed to get disk details for %s (%s)" % (vmdk_path, ex))
        return None

    return result 

def redirect_internal(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data):
        if 'location' in headers:
            newurl = headers['location']
        elif 'uri' in headers:
            newurl = headers['uri']
        else:
            return
        void = fp.read()
        fp.close()
        # In case the server sent a relative URL, join with original:
        newurl = basejoin(self.type + ":" + url, newurl)

        # For security reasons we do not allow redirects to protocols
        # other than HTTP, HTTPS or FTP.
        newurl_lower = newurl.lower()
        if not (newurl_lower.startswith('http://') or
                newurl_lower.startswith('https://') or
                newurl_lower.startswith('ftp://')):
            raise IOError('redirect error', errcode,
                          errmsg + " - Redirection to url '%s' is not allowed" %
                          newurl,
                          headers)

        return self.open(newurl) 

def validate_vsan_policy_name(policy_name, vmdk_path):
    """
    Ensure that the policy file exists
    """
    if not vsan_info.is_on_vsan(vmdk_path):
        raise ValidationError('Cannot use a VSAN policy on a non-VSAN datastore')

    if not vsan_policy.policy_exists(policy_name):
        err_msg = 'Policy {0} does not exist.'.format(policy_name)

        # If valid policies exist, append their names along with error message
        # for available policy names that can be used
        avail_policies = vsan_policy.get_policies()
        if avail_policies:
            avail_msg = ' Available policies are: {0}'.format(list(avail_policies.keys()))
            err_msg = err_msg + avail_msg
        raise ValidationError(err_msg) 

def RunCommand(cmd):
    """RunCommand

   Runs command specified by user

   @param command to execute
   """
    logging.debug("Running cmd %s", cmd)

    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                         universal_newlines=True,
                         shell=True)
    o, e = p.communicate()
    s = p.returncode

    if s != 0:
        return (s, e)

    return (s, o)

# returns error, or None for OK
# opts is  dictionary of {option: value}.
# for now we care about size and (maybe) policy 

def uid(self, command, *args):
        """Execute "command arg ..." with messages identified by UID,
                rather than message number.

        (typ, [data]) = <instance>.uid(command, arg1, arg2, ...)

        Returns response appropriate to 'command'.
        """
        command = command.upper()
        if not command in Commands:
            raise self.error("Unknown IMAP4 UID command: %s" % command)
        if self.state not in Commands[command]:
            raise self.error("command %s illegal in state %s, "
                             "only allowed in states %s" %
                             (command, self.state,
                              ', '.join(Commands[command])))
        name = 'UID'
        typ, dat = self._simple_command(name, command, *args)
        if command in ('SEARCH', 'SORT', 'THREAD'):
            name = command
        else:
            name = 'FETCH'
        return self._untagged_response(typ, dat, name) 

def DumpRegistry(root, level=0):
    # A recursive dump of the remote registry to test most functions.
    h = wincerapi.CeRegOpenKeyEx(win32con.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, None)
    level_prefix = " " * level
    index = 0
    # Enumerate values.
    while 1:
        try:
            name, data, typ = wincerapi.CeRegEnumValue(root, index)
        except win32api.error:
            break
        print "%s%s=%s" % (level_prefix, name, repr(str(data)))
        index = index+1
    # Now enumerate all keys.
    index=0
    while 1:
        try:
            name, klass = wincerapi.CeRegEnumKeyEx(root, index)
        except win32api.error:
            break
        print "%s%s\\" % (level_prefix, name)
        subkey = wincerapi.CeRegOpenKeyEx(root, name)
        DumpRegistry(subkey, level+1)
        index = index+1 

def replace_stdout():
    """Set stdout encoder error handler to backslashreplace (as stderr error
    handler) to avoid UnicodeEncodeError when printing a traceback"""
    import atexit

    stdout = sys.stdout
    sys.stdout = open(stdout.fileno(), 'w',
        encoding=stdout.encoding,
        errors="backslashreplace",
        closefd=False,
        newline='\n')

    def restore_stdout():
        sys.stdout.close()
        sys.stdout = stdout
    atexit.register(restore_stdout) 

def main(argv=None):
    import getopt

    if argv is None:
        argv = sys.argv
    try:
        opts, prog_argv = getopt.getopt(argv[1:], "tcrRf:d:msC:lTg",
                                        ["help", "version", "trace", "count",
                                         "report", "no-report", "summary",
                                         "file=", "missing",
                                         "ignore-module=", "ignore-dir=",
                                         "coverdir=", "listfuncs",
                                         "trackcalls", "timing"])

    except getopt.error, msg:
        sys.stderr.write("%s: %s\n" % (sys.argv[0], msg))
        sys.stderr.write("Try `%s --help' for more information\n"
                         % sys.argv[0])
        sys.exit(1) 

def readline(self):
        """Read line from remote."""
        line = self.file.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
        if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
            raise self.error("got more than %d bytes" % _MAXLINE)
        return line 

def main():
    import sys
    import getopt
    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'td')
    except getopt.error, msg:
        sys.stdout = sys.stderr
        print msg
        print "usage: quopri [-t | -d] [file] ..."
        print "-t: quote tabs"
        print "-d: decode; default encode"
        sys.exit(2) 

def parseargs():
    global DEBUGSTREAM
    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(
            sys.argv[1:], 'nVhc:d',
            ['class=', 'nosetuid', 'version', 'help', 'debug'])
    except getopt.error, e:
        usage(1, e) 

def shutdown(self):
        """Close I/O established in "open"."""
        self.file.close()
        try:
            self.sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
        except socket.error as e:
            # The server might already have closed the connection.
            # On Windows, this may result in WSAEINVAL (error 10022):
            # An invalid operation was attempted.
            if e.errno not in (errno.ENOTCONN, 10022):
                raise
        finally:
            self.sock.close() 

def authenticate(self, mechanism, authobject):
        """Authenticate command - requires response processing.

        'mechanism' specifies which authentication mechanism is to
        be used - it must appear in <instance>.capabilities in the
        form AUTH=<mechanism>.

        'authobject' must be a callable object:

                data = authobject(response)

        It will be called to process server continuation responses.
        It should return data that will be encoded and sent to server.
        It should return None if the client abort response '*' should
        be sent instead.
        """
        mech = mechanism.upper()
        # XXX: shouldn't this code be removed, not commented out?
        #cap = 'AUTH=%s' % mech
        #if not cap in self.capabilities:       # Let the server decide!
        #    raise self.error("Server doesn't allow %s authentication." % mech)
        self.literal = _Authenticator(authobject).process
        typ, dat = self._simple_command('AUTHENTICATE', mech)
        if typ != 'OK':
            raise self.error(dat[-1])
        self.state = 'AUTH'
        return typ, dat 

def main():
    import getopt
    usage = """Usage: %s [-n | -t] url
    -n: open new window
    -t: open new tab""" % sys.argv[0]
    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ntd')
    except getopt.error, msg:
        print >>sys.stderr, msg
        print >>sys.stderr, usage
        sys.exit(1) 

def test():
    """Small test program"""
    import sys, getopt
    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'deut')
    except getopt.error, msg:
        sys.stdout = sys.stderr
        print msg
        print """usage: %s [-d|-e|-u|-t] [file|-]
        -d, -u: decode
        -e: encode (default)
        -t: encode and decode string 'Aladdin:open sesame'"""%sys.argv[0]
        sys.exit(2) 

def main():
    global verbose, filename_only
    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "qv")
    except getopt.error, msg:
        errprint(msg)
        return 

def http_error_307(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
        """Error 307 -- relocated, but turn POST into error."""
        if data is None:
            return self.http_error_302(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
        else:
            return self.http_error_default(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers) 

def compile_dir(dir, maxlevels=10, ddir=None,
                force=0, rx=None, quiet=0):
    """Byte-compile all modules in the given directory tree.

    Arguments (only dir is required):

    dir:       the directory to byte-compile
    maxlevels: maximum recursion level (default 10)
    ddir:      if given, purported directory name (this is the
               directory name that will show up in error messages)
    force:     if 1, force compilation, even if timestamps are up-to-date
    quiet:     if 1, be quiet during compilation
    """
    if not quiet:
        print 'Listing', dir, '...'
    try:
        names = os.listdir(dir)
    except os.error:
        print "Can't list", dir
        names = []
    names.sort()
    success = 1
    for name in names:
        fullname = os.path.join(dir, name)
        if ddir is not None:
            dfile = os.path.join(ddir, name)
        else:
            dfile = None
        if not os.path.isdir(fullname):
            if not compile_file(fullname, ddir, force, rx, quiet):
                success = 0
        elif maxlevels > 0 and \
             name != os.curdir and name != os.pardir and \
             os.path.isdir(fullname) and \
             not os.path.islink(fullname):
            if not compile_dir(fullname, maxlevels - 1, dfile, force, rx,
                               quiet):
                success = 0
    return success 

def login(self, user, password):
        """Identify client using plaintext password.

        (typ, [data]) = <instance>.login(user, password)

        NB: 'password' will be quoted.
        """
        typ, dat = self._simple_command('LOGIN', user, self._quote(password))
        if typ != 'OK':
            raise self.error(dat[-1])
        self.state = 'AUTH'
        return typ, dat