Python base64.b32encode() Examples

def connect(self):
    if not self.trade_pub_socket and self.trade_pub:
      self.trade_pub_socket = self.zmq_context.socket(zmq.SUB)
      self.trade_pub_socket.connect(self.trade_pub)
      self.trade_pub_socket_stream = ZMQStream(self.trade_pub_socket)
      self.trade_pub_socket_stream.on_recv(self._on_trade_publish)

    self.trade_in_socket.send( "OPN," + base64.b32encode(os.urandom(10)))
    response_message = self.trade_in_socket.recv()
    opt_code    = response_message[:3]
    raw_message = response_message[4:]

    if opt_code != 'OPN':
      if opt_code == 'ERR':
        raise TradeClientException( error_message = raw_message )

      raise TradeClientException( error_message = 'Protocol Error: Unknown message opt_code received' )

    self.connection_id = raw_message 

def _to_safe_path_param_name(matched_parameter):
    """Creates a safe string to be used as a regex group name.

    Only alphanumeric characters and underscore are allowed in variable name
    tokens, and numeric are not allowed as the first character.

    We cast the matched_parameter to base32 (since the alphabet is safe),
    strip the padding (= not safe) and prepend with _, since we know a token
    can begin with underscore.

    Args:
      matched_parameter: A string containing the parameter matched from the URL
        template.

    Returns:
      A string that's safe to be used as a regex group name.
    """
    return '_' + base64.b32encode(matched_parameter).rstrip('=') 

def address_from_identity_key(key: Union[bytes, 'cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey', 'cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey'], suffix: bool = True) -> str:  # type: ignore
    """
    Converts a hidden service identity key into its address. This accepts all
    key formats (private, public, or public bytes).

    :param key: hidden service identity key
    :param suffix: includes the '.onion' suffix if true, excluded otherwise

    :returns: **str** hidden service address

    :raises: **ImportError** if key is a cryptographic type and ed25519 support
      is unavailable
    """

    key = stem.util._pubkey_bytes(key)  # normalize key into bytes

    version = stem.client.datatype.Size.CHAR.pack(3)
    checksum = hashlib.sha3_256(CHECKSUM_CONSTANT + key + version).digest()[:2]
    onion_address = base64.b32encode(key + checksum + version)

    return stem.util.str_tools._to_unicode(onion_address + b'.onion' if suffix else onion_address).lower() 

def _generate_uri(hotp, type_name, account_name, issuer, extra_parameters):
    parameters = [
        ("digits", hotp._length),
        ("secret", base64.b32encode(hotp._key)),
        ("algorithm", hotp._algorithm.name.upper()),
    ]

    if issuer is not None:
        parameters.append(("issuer", issuer))

    parameters.extend(extra_parameters)

    uriparts = {
        "type": type_name,
        "label": ("%s:%s" % (quote(issuer), quote(account_name)) if issuer
                  else quote(account_name)),
        "parameters": urlencode(parameters),
    }
    return "otpauth://{type}/{label}?{parameters}".format(**uriparts) 

def _ToSafePathParamName(matched_parameter):
    """Creates a safe string to be used as a regex group name.

    Only alphanumeric characters and underscore are allowed in variable name
    tokens, and numeric are not allowed as the first character.

    We cast the matched_parameter to base32 (since the alphabet is safe),
    strip the padding (= not safe) and prepend with _, since we know a token
    can begin with underscore.

    Args:
      matched_parameter: String; parameter matched from URL template.

    Returns:
      String, safe to be used as a regex group name.
    """
    return '_' + base64.b32encode(matched_parameter).rstrip('=') 

def _to_safe_path_param_name(matched_parameter):
    """Creates a safe string to be used as a regex group name.

    Only alphanumeric characters and underscore are allowed in variable name
    tokens, and numeric are not allowed as the first character.

    We cast the matched_parameter to base32 (since the alphabet is safe),
    strip the padding (= not safe) and prepend with _, since we know a token
    can begin with underscore.

    Args:
      matched_parameter: A string containing the parameter matched from the URL
        template.

    Returns:
      A string that's safe to be used as a regex group name.
    """
    return '_' + base64.b32encode(matched_parameter).rstrip('=') 

def _fetch_descriptor(self, descriptor_id):
        # tor ref: rend_client_fetch_v2_desc

        logger.info('Create circuit for hsdir')
        with self._circuit.create_new_circuit() as directory_circuit:
            directory_circuit.extend(self._router)
            assert directory_circuit.nodes_count == 2

            with directory_circuit.create_stream() as stream:
                stream.connect_dir()

                descriptor_id_str = b32encode(descriptor_id).decode().lower()

                # tor ref: directory_send_command (DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_RENDDESC_V2)
                descriptor_path = '/tor/rendezvous2/{}'.format(descriptor_id_str)

                http_client = HttpClient(stream)
                response = http_client.get(self._router.ip, descriptor_path).decode()
                if response and ' 200 OK' in response:
                    return response
                else:
                    logger.error('Response from hsdir: %r', response)
                    raise DescriptorNotAvailable("Can't fetch descriptor") 

def to_text(self, origin=None, relativize=True, **kw):
        next = base64.b32encode(self.next).translate(b32_normal_to_hex).lower()
        if self.salt == '':
            salt = '-'
        else:
            salt = self.salt.encode('hex-codec')
        text = ''
        for (window, bitmap) in self.windows:
            bits = []
            for i in xrange(0, len(bitmap)):
                byte = ord(bitmap[i])
                for j in xrange(0, 8):
                    if byte & (0x80 >> j):
                        bits.append(dns.rdatatype.to_text(window * 256 + \
                                                          i * 8 + j))
            text += (' ' + ' '.join(bits))
        return '%u %u %u %s %s%s' % (self.algorithm, self.flags, self.iterations,
                                     salt, next, text) 

def totpauth_url(totp_dev):
    # https://github.com/google/google-authenticator/wiki/Key-Uri-Format
    label = totp_dev.user.username.encode('utf8')

    # We need two separate issuers, otherwise deploying in prod will override our authenticator token from
    # dev
    if settings.DEPLOY_MODE == 'production':
        issuer = b'CourSys'
    else:
        issuer = b'CourSys-DEV'

    query = [
        ('secret', base64.b32encode(totp_dev.bin_key)),
        ('digits', totp_dev.digits),
        ('issuer', issuer)
    ]
    return b'otpauth://totp/%s?%s' % (label, urlencode(query).encode('ascii'))


# based on http://stackoverflow.com/a/4631504/1236542 

def _generate_uri(hotp, type_name, account_name, issuer, extra_parameters):
    parameters = [
        ("digits", hotp._length),
        ("secret", base64.b32encode(hotp._key)),
        ("algorithm", hotp._algorithm.name.upper()),
    ]

    if issuer is not None:
        parameters.append(("issuer", issuer))

    parameters.extend(extra_parameters)

    uriparts = {
        "type": type_name,
        "label": ("%s:%s" % (quote(issuer), quote(account_name)) if issuer
                  else quote(account_name)),
        "parameters": urlencode(parameters),
    }
    return "otpauth://{type}/{label}?{parameters}".format(**uriparts) 

def from_torrent_url(url):
    import base64
    import bencode
    import hashlib
    import urllib
    from kmediatorrent.utils import url_get
    torrent_data = url_get(url)
    metadata = bencode.bdecode(torrent_data)
    hashcontents = bencode.bencode(metadata['info'])
    digest = hashlib.sha1(hashcontents).digest()
    b32hash = base64.b32encode(digest)
    params = {
        'dn': metadata['info']['name'],
        'tr': metadata['announce'],
    }
    plugin.log.info(params)
    paramstr = urllib.urlencode(params)
    return 'magnet:?%s&%s' % ('xt=urn:btih:%s' % b32hash, paramstr) 

def get_id(source_uuid):
    """Derive a short (12 character) id from a random UUID.

    The supplied UUID must be a version 4 UUID object.
    """

    if isinstance(source_uuid, str):
        source_uuid = uuid.UUID(source_uuid)
    if source_uuid.version != 4:
        raise ValueError(_('Invalid UUID version (%d)') % source_uuid.version)

    # The "time" field of a v4 UUID contains 60 random bits
    # (see RFC4122, Section 4.4)
    random_bytes = _to_byte_string(source_uuid.time, 60)
    # The first 12 bytes (= 60 bits) of base32-encoded output is our data
    encoded = base64.b32encode(random_bytes.encode("latin-1"))[:12]

    return encoded.lower().decode('utf-8') 

def _generate_uri(hotp, type_name, account_name, issuer, extra_parameters):
    parameters = [
        ("digits", hotp._length),
        ("secret", base64.b32encode(hotp._key)),
        ("algorithm", hotp._algorithm.name.upper()),
    ]

    if issuer is not None:
        parameters.append(("issuer", issuer))

    parameters.extend(extra_parameters)

    uriparts = {
        "type": type_name,
        "label": ("%s:%s" % (quote(issuer), quote(account_name)) if issuer
                  else quote(account_name)),
        "parameters": urlencode(parameters),
    }
    return "otpauth://{type}/{label}?{parameters}".format(**uriparts) 

def _filter_encode(self, data, encoding):
		if its.py_v3 and isinstance(data, str):
			data = data.encode('utf-8')
		encoding = encoding.lower()
		encoding = re.sub(r'^(base|rot)-(\d\d)$', r'\1\2', encoding)

		if encoding == 'base16' or encoding == 'hex':
			data = base64.b16encode(data)
		elif encoding == 'base32':
			data = base64.b32encode(data)
		elif encoding == 'base64':
			data = base64.b64encode(data)
		elif encoding == 'rot13':
			data = codecs.getencoder('rot-13')(data.decode('utf-8'))[0]
		else:
			raise ValueError('Unknown encoding type: ' + encoding)
		if its.py_v3 and isinstance(data, bytes):
			data = data.decode('utf-8')
		return data 

def __init__(self):
        self.nodes = []

        self.metadata = self.config.get('metadata', {})
        try:
            creator = self.metadata['creator']
        except KeyError:
            raise UsageError("Must specify creator metadata.")

        if not creator.isalnum():
            raise UsageError(
                "Creator must be alphanumeric. Found {!r}".format(creator)
            )
        self.creator = creator

        self.metadata.update(self.identity.metadata)
        self.metadata['distribution'] = self.distribution

        # Try to make names unique even if the same creator is starting
        # multiple clusters at the same time.  This lets other code use the
        # name as a way to identify nodes.  This is only necessary in one
        # place, the node creation code, to perform cleanup when the create
        # operation fails in a way such that it isn't clear if the instance has
        # been created or not.
        self.random_tag = b32encode(os.urandom(8)).lower().strip("\n=") 

def crypter(ack='',iv='2769514380123456',base='b64'):
    ahk = hmac.new(b'vilame',ack.encode(),'md5').hexdigest()
    c = CrypterAES(ahk, iv)
    if base == 'b16': _encode,_decode = base64.b16encode,base64.b16decode
    if base == 'b32': _encode,_decode = base64.b32encode,base64.b32decode
    if base == 'b64': _encode,_decode = base64.b64encode,base64.b64decode
    if base == 'b85': _encode,_decode = base64.b85encode,base64.b85decode
    if base == 'urlsafe_b64': _encode,_decode = base64.urlsafe_b64encode,base64.urlsafe_b64decode
    def zbase_enc(data):
        return _encode(zlib.compress(data.encode())[2:-4]).decode()
    def zbase_dec(basedata):
        return zlib.decompress(_decode(basedata),-15).decode()
    def zencrypt(data): return c.encrypt_base(zlib.compress(data.encode())[2:-4],_encode)
    def zdecrypt(data): return zlib.decompress(c.decrypt_base(data,_decode),-15).decode()
    c.zencrypt = zencrypt
    c.zdecrypt = zdecrypt
    c.zbase_enc = zbase_enc
    c.zbase_dec = zbase_dec
    c.encrypt = lambda data:c.encrypt_base(data,_encode)
    c.decrypt = lambda data:c.decrypt_base(data,_decode).decode()
    return c 

def _generate_uri(hotp, type_name, account_name, issuer, extra_parameters):
    parameters = [
        ("digits", hotp._length),
        ("secret", base64.b32encode(hotp._key)),
        ("algorithm", hotp._algorithm.name.upper()),
    ]

    if issuer is not None:
        parameters.append(("issuer", issuer))

    parameters.extend(extra_parameters)

    uriparts = {
        "type": type_name,
        "label": ("%s:%s" % (quote(issuer), quote(account_name)) if issuer
                  else quote(account_name)),
        "parameters": urlencode(parameters),
    }
    return "otpauth://{type}/{label}?{parameters}".format(**uriparts) 

def writeServerPassword( password ):
    """
    Dump our ScrambleSuit server descriptor to file.

    The file should make it easy for bridge operators to obtain copy &
    pasteable server descriptors.
    """

    assert len(password) == const.SHARED_SECRET_LENGTH
    assert const.STATE_LOCATION != ""

    passwordFile = os.path.join(const.STATE_LOCATION, const.PASSWORD_FILE)
    log.info("Writing server password to file `%s'." % passwordFile)

    password_str = "# You are supposed to give this password to your clients to append it to their Bridge line"
    password_str = "# For example: Bridge scramblesuit 192.0.2.1:5555 EXAMPLEFINGERPRINTNOTREAL password=EXAMPLEPASSWORDNOTREAL"
    password_str = "# Here is your password:"
    password_str = "password=%s\n" % base64.b32encode(password)
    try:
        with open(passwordFile, 'w') as fd:
            fd.write(password_str)
    except IOError as err:
        log.error("Error writing password file to `%s': %s" %
                  (passwordFile, err)) 

def _generate_uri(hotp, type_name, account_name, issuer, extra_parameters):
    parameters = [
        ("digits", hotp._length),
        ("secret", base64.b32encode(hotp._key)),
        ("algorithm", hotp._algorithm.name.upper()),
    ]

    if issuer is not None:
        parameters.append(("issuer", issuer))

    parameters.extend(extra_parameters)

    uriparts = {
        "type": type_name,
        "label": ("%s:%s" % (quote(issuer), quote(account_name)) if issuer
                  else quote(account_name)),
        "parameters": urlencode(parameters),
    }
    return "otpauth://{type}/{label}?{parameters}".format(**uriparts) 

def get_public_server_options( cls, transportOptions ):
        """
        Return ScrambleSuit's BridgeDB parameters, i.e., the shared secret.

        As a fallback mechanism, we return an automatically generated password
        if the bridge operator did not use `ServerTransportOptions'.
        """

        log.debug("Tor's transport options: %s" % str(transportOptions))

        if not "password" in transportOptions:
            log.warning("No password found in transport options (use Tor's " \
                        "`ServerTransportOptions' to set your own password)." \
                        "  Using automatically generated password instead.")
            srv = state.load()
            transportOptions = {"password":
                                base64.b32encode(srv.fallbackPassword)}
            cls.uniformDHSecret = srv.fallbackPassword

        return transportOptions 

def base32_encode(self):
        """Encode as Base32
        
        Base32 is a notation for encoding arbitrary byte data using a 
        restricted set of symbols that can be conveniently used by humans 
        and processed by computers. It uses a smaller set of characters than 
        Base64, usually the uppercase alphabet and the numbers 2 to 7.
        
        Returns:
            Chepy: The Chepy object. 

        Examples:
            >>> Chepy("some data").base32_encode().output.decode()
            "ONXW2ZJAMRQXIYI="
        """
        self.state = base64.b32encode(self._convert_to_bytes())
        return self 

def reroot_tree(self):
        newick = request.forms.get('newick')
        tree = Tree(newick, format=1)

        left_most = tree.search_nodes(name=request.forms.get('left_most'))[0]
        right_most = tree.search_nodes(name=request.forms.get('right_most'))[0]

        new_root = tree.get_common_ancestor(left_most, right_most)
        tree.set_outgroup(new_root)

        # Ete3 tree.write function replaces some charachters that we support in the interface.
        # As a workaround we are going to encode node names with base32, after serialization
        # we are going to decode them back.
        for node in tree.traverse('preorder'):
            node.name = 'base32' + base64.b32encode(node.name.encode('utf-8')).decode('utf-8')

        new_newick = tree.write(format=1)

        # ete also converts base32 padding charachter "=" to "_" so we need to replace it.
        new_newick = re.sub(r"base32(\w*)", lambda m: base64.b32decode(m.group(1).replace('_','=')).decode('utf-8'), new_newick)

        return json.dumps({'newick': new_newick}) 

def to_text(self, origin=None, relativize=True, **kw):
        next = base64.b32encode(self.next).translate(
            b32_normal_to_hex).lower().decode()
        if self.salt == b'':
            salt = '-'
        else:
            salt = binascii.hexlify(self.salt).decode()
        text = u''
        for (window, bitmap) in self.windows:
            bits = []
            for i in xrange(0, len(bitmap)):
                byte = bitmap[i]
                for j in xrange(0, 8):
                    if byte & (0x80 >> j):
                        bits.append(dns.rdatatype.to_text(window * 256 +
                                                          i * 8 + j))
            text += (u' ' + u' '.join(bits))
        return u'%u %u %u %s %s%s' % (self.algorithm, self.flags,
                                      self.iterations, salt, next, text) 

def _to_safe_path_param_name(matched_parameter):
    """Creates a safe string to be used as a regex group name.

    Only alphanumeric characters and underscore are allowed in variable name
    tokens, and numeric are not allowed as the first character.

    We cast the matched_parameter to base32 (since the alphabet is safe),
    strip the padding (= not safe) and prepend with _, since we know a token
    can begin with underscore.

    Args:
      matched_parameter: A string containing the parameter matched from the URL
        template.

    Returns:
      A string that's safe to be used as a regex group name.
    """
    return '_' + base64.b32encode(matched_parameter).rstrip('=') 

def _generate_uri(hotp, type_name, account_name, issuer, extra_parameters):
    parameters = [
        ("digits", hotp._length),
        ("secret", base64.b32encode(hotp._key)),
        ("algorithm", hotp._algorithm.name.upper()),
    ]

    if issuer is not None:
        parameters.append(("issuer", issuer))

    parameters.extend(extra_parameters)

    uriparts = {
        "type": type_name,
        "label": ("%s:%s" % (quote(issuer), quote(account_name)) if issuer
                  else quote(account_name)),
        "parameters": urlencode(parameters),
    }
    return "otpauth://{type}/{label}?{parameters}".format(**uriparts) 

def get_id(source_uuid):
    """Derive a short (12 character) id from a random UUID.

    The supplied UUID must be a version 4 UUID object.
    """
    if isinstance(source_uuid, six.string_types):
        source_uuid = uuid.UUID(source_uuid)
    if source_uuid.version != 4:
        raise ValueError(_('Invalid UUID version (%d)') % source_uuid.version)

    # The "time" field of a v4 UUID contains 60 random bits
    # (see RFC4122, Section 4.4)
    random_bytes = _to_byte_string(source_uuid.time, 60)
    # The first 12 bytes (= 60 bits) of base32-encoded output is our data
    encoded = base64.b32encode(six.b(random_bytes))[:12]

    if six.PY3:
        return encoded.lower().decode('utf-8')
    else:
        return encoded.lower() 

def otp_uri(self):
        otp_type = self.type.uri_value
        otp_label = quote(f'{self.issuer}:{self.label}')
        otp_parameters = {
            'secret': base64.b32encode(self.secret).decode("utf-8").rstrip("="),
            'algorithm': self.algorithm.uri_value,
            'period': self.period,
            'digits': self.digits,
            'issuer': self.issuer,
            'counter': self.counter,
        }
        otp_parameters = '&'.join([f'{str(k)}={quote(str(v))}' for (k, v) in otp_parameters.items() if v])
        return f'otpauth://{otp_type}/{otp_label}?{otp_parameters}' 

def test_recipient_address(self):
            recipientAddress = base64.b32encode(
                bytes.fromhex(self.builder.getRecipientAddress().unresolvedAddress.hex()))
            self.assertEqual(recipientAddress, self.recipientAddress) 

def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super(UserInfo, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        if not self.otp_secret:
            self.otp_secret = base64.b32encode(os.urandom(10)).decode('utf-8') 

def _to_b32(length, value):
    '''
    Convert value to base 32, given that it's supposed to have the same
    length as the digest we're about to compare it to
    '''
    if len(value) == length:
        return value  # casefold needed here? -- rfc recommends not allowing

    if len(value) > length:
        binary = base64.b16decode(value, casefold=True)
    else:
        binary = _b64_wrapper(value)

    return to_native_str(base64.b32encode(binary), encoding='ascii')