Python stat.S_ISGID Examples

def special_to_letter(mode):
    l = ''

    ALL_R = (stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IROTH)
    ALL_W = (stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IWOTH)

    if mode & stat.S_ISGID:
        l += 'G'
    if mode & stat.S_ISUID:
        l += 'U'
    if mode & stat.S_ISVTX:
        l += 'T'
    if mode & (stat.S_IXUSR | stat.S_IXGRP | stat.S_IXOTH):
        l += 'E'
    if ( mode & ALL_R ) == ALL_R:
        l += 'R'
    if ( mode & ALL_W ) == ALL_W:
        l += 'W'

    return l 

def testStatDirectory_filePermissions(self):
    should_have = (
      ('some_file', stat.S_IWUSR),  # Owner can write.
      ('tmp', stat.S_IXOTH),  # Others can execute.
      ('tmp', stat.S_ISVTX),  # Has sticky bit.
      ('my_cmd', stat.S_ISGID),  # Has set-group-ID bit.
      ('silly', stat.S_ISUID),  # Has set UID bit.
    )
    should_not_have = (
      ('some_file', stat.S_IWOTH),  # Others can't write.
      ('block_dev', stat.S_IRGRP),  # Group can't read.
      ('silly', stat.S_IXUSR),  # Owner can't execute.
    )
    entries = self.getStatEntries()
    for filename, bit in should_have:
      self.assertTrue(entries[filename]['st_mode'] & bit)
    for filename, bit in should_not_have:
      self.assertFalse(entries[filename]['st_mode'] & bit) 

def testStatDirectory_filePermissions(self):
    should_have = (
      ('some_file', stat.S_IWUSR),  # Owner can write.
      ('tmp', stat.S_IXOTH),  # Others can execute.
      ('tmp', stat.S_ISVTX),  # Has sticky bit.
      ('my_cmd', stat.S_ISGID),  # Has set-group-ID bit.
      ('silly', stat.S_ISUID),  # Has set UID bit.
    )
    should_not_have = (
      ('some_file', stat.S_IWOTH),  # Others can't write.
      ('block_dev', stat.S_IRGRP),  # Group can't read.
      ('silly', stat.S_IXUSR),  # Owner can't execute.
    )
    entries = self.getStatEntries()
    for filename, bit in should_have:
      self.assertTrue(entries[filename]['st_mode'] & bit)
    for filename, bit in should_not_have:
      self.assertFalse(entries[filename]['st_mode'] & bit) 

def testStatDirectory_filePermissions(self):
    should_have = (
      ('some_file', stat.S_IWUSR),  # Owner can write.
      ('tmp', stat.S_IXOTH),  # Others can execute.
      ('tmp', stat.S_ISVTX),  # Has sticky bit.
      ('my_cmd', stat.S_ISGID),  # Has set-group-ID bit.
      ('silly', stat.S_ISUID),  # Has set UID bit.
    )
    should_not_have = (
      ('some_file', stat.S_IWOTH),  # Others can't write.
      ('block_dev', stat.S_IRGRP),  # Group can't read.
      ('silly', stat.S_IXUSR),  # Owner can't execute.
    )
    entries = self.getStatEntries()
    for filename, bit in should_have:
      self.assertTrue(entries[filename]['st_mode'] & bit)
    for filename, bit in should_not_have:
      self.assertFalse(entries[filename]['st_mode'] & bit) 

def is_suid_sgid(self, file_name):
        results = []
        try:
            f = stat(file_name)
            mode = f.st_mode
        except:
            return [None, None]
        if (mode & S_ISUID) == 2048:
            print("SUID: " + file_name)
            results.append(file_name)
        else:
            results.append(None)

        if (mode & S_ISGID) == 1024:
            print("SGIG: " + file_name)
            results.append(file_name)
        else:
            results.append(None)

        return results 

def _is_suid_sgid(self, file_name):
        results = []
        try:
            f = os.stat(file_name)
            mode = f.st_mode
        except:
            return [None, None]
        if (mode & stat.S_ISUID) == 2048:
            results.append(file_name)
        else:
            results.append(None)
        if (mode & stat.S_ISGID) == 1024:
            results.append(file_name)
        else:
            results.append(None)
        return results 

def render_python_value(value):
		if not isinstance(value, int):
			return
		if value & stat.S_IFDIR:
			perm = 'd'
		else:
			perm = '-'
		perm += 'r' if value & stat.S_IRUSR else '-'
		perm += 'w' if value & stat.S_IWUSR else '-'
		if value & stat.S_ISUID:
			perm += 's' if value & stat.S_IXUSR else 'S'
		else:
			perm += 'x' if value & stat.S_IXUSR else '-'

		perm += 'r' if value & stat.S_IRGRP else '-'
		perm += 'w' if value & stat.S_IWGRP else '-'
		if value & stat.S_ISGID:
			perm += 's' if value & stat.S_IXGRP else 'S'
		else:
			perm += 'x' if value & stat.S_IXGRP else '-'

		perm += 'r' if value & stat.S_IROTH else '-'
		perm += 'w' if value & stat.S_IWOTH else '-'
		perm += 'x' if value & stat.S_IXOTH else '-'
		return perm 

def evaluate(self, image_obj, context):
        if not image_obj.fs:
            return

        files = image_obj.fs.files
        if not files:
            return

        found = [x for x in list(files.items()) if int(x[1].get('mode', 0)) & (stat.S_ISUID | stat.S_ISGID)]
        for path, entry in found:
            self._fire(msg='SUID or SGID found set on file {}. Mode: {}'.format(path, oct(entry.get('mode')))) 

def init_dest(self):
        if self.coursedir.course_id == '':
            self.fail("No course id specified. Re-run with --course flag.")

        self.course_path = os.path.join(self.root, self.coursedir.course_id)
        self.outbound_feedback_path = os.path.join(self.course_path, 'feedback')
        self.dest_path = os.path.join(self.outbound_feedback_path)
        # 0755
        self.ensure_directory(
            self.outbound_feedback_path,
            (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH |
             ((S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_ISGID) if self.coursedir.groupshared else 0))
        ) 

def is_setgid(self):
        return True if self.status['st_mode'] & stat.S_ISGID else False 

def _create(self, id_p, name, mode, ctx, rdev=0, size=0):
        if name == CTRL_NAME:
            log.warning('Attempted to create s3ql control file at %s',
                     get_path(id_p, self.db, name))
            raise FUSEError(errno.EACCES)

        now_ns = time_ns()
        inode_p = self.inodes[id_p]

        if inode_p.locked:
            raise FUSEError(errno.EPERM)

        if inode_p.refcount == 0:
            log.warning('Attempted to create entry %s with unlinked parent %d',
                     name, id_p)
            raise FUSEError(errno.EINVAL)
        inode_p.mtime_ns = now_ns
        inode_p.ctime_ns = now_ns

        if inode_p.mode & stat.S_ISGID:
            gid = inode_p.gid
            if stat.S_ISDIR(mode):
                mode |= stat.S_ISGID
        else:
            gid = ctx.gid
        inode = self.inodes.create_inode(mtime_ns=now_ns, ctime_ns=now_ns, atime_ns=now_ns,
                                         uid=ctx.uid, gid=gid, mode=mode, refcount=1,
                                         rdev=rdev, size=size)

        self.db.execute("INSERT INTO contents(name_id, inode, parent_inode) VALUES(?,?,?)",
                        (self._add_name(name), inode.id, id_p))

        return inode 

def test_exist_ok_s_isgid_directory(self):
        path = os.path.join(support.TESTFN, 'dir1')
        S_ISGID = stat.S_ISGID
        mode = 0o777
        old_mask = os.umask(0o022)
        try:
            existing_testfn_mode = stat.S_IMODE(
                    os.lstat(support.TESTFN).st_mode)
            try:
                os.chmod(support.TESTFN, existing_testfn_mode | S_ISGID)
            except PermissionError:
                raise unittest.SkipTest('Cannot set S_ISGID for dir.')
            if (os.lstat(support.TESTFN).st_mode & S_ISGID != S_ISGID):
                raise unittest.SkipTest('No support for S_ISGID dir mode.')
            # The os should apply S_ISGID from the parent dir for us, but
            # this test need not depend on that behavior.  Be explicit.
            os.makedirs(path, mode | S_ISGID)
            # http://bugs.python.org/issue14992
            # Should not fail when the bit is already set.
            os.makedirs(path, mode, exist_ok=True)
            # remove the bit.
            os.chmod(path, stat.S_IMODE(os.lstat(path).st_mode) & ~S_ISGID)
            # May work even when the bit is not already set when demanded.
            os.makedirs(path, mode | S_ISGID, exist_ok=True)
        finally:
            os.umask(old_mask) 

def test_exist_ok_s_isgid_directory(self):
        path = os.path.join(support.TESTFN, 'dir1')
        S_ISGID = stat.S_ISGID
        mode = 0o777
        old_mask = os.umask(0o022)
        try:
            existing_testfn_mode = stat.S_IMODE(
                    os.lstat(support.TESTFN).st_mode)
            try:
                os.chmod(support.TESTFN, existing_testfn_mode | S_ISGID)
            except PermissionError:
                raise unittest.SkipTest('Cannot set S_ISGID for dir.')
            if (os.lstat(support.TESTFN).st_mode & S_ISGID != S_ISGID):
                raise unittest.SkipTest('No support for S_ISGID dir mode.')
            # The os should apply S_ISGID from the parent dir for us, but
            # this test need not depend on that behavior.  Be explicit.
            os.makedirs(path, mode | S_ISGID)
            # http://bugs.python.org/issue14992
            # Should not fail when the bit is already set.
            os.makedirs(path, mode, exist_ok=True)
            # remove the bit.
            os.chmod(path, stat.S_IMODE(os.lstat(path).st_mode) & ~S_ISGID)
            # May work even when the bit is not already set when demanded.
            os.makedirs(path, mode | S_ISGID, exist_ok=True)
        finally:
            os.umask(old_mask) 

def test_exist_ok_s_isgid_directory(self):
        path = os.path.join(support.TESTFN, 'dir1')
        S_ISGID = stat.S_ISGID
        mode = 0o777
        old_mask = os.umask(0o022)
        try:
            existing_testfn_mode = stat.S_IMODE(
                    os.lstat(support.TESTFN).st_mode)
            try:
                os.chmod(support.TESTFN, existing_testfn_mode | S_ISGID)
            except PermissionError:
                raise unittest.SkipTest('Cannot set S_ISGID for dir.')
            if (os.lstat(support.TESTFN).st_mode & S_ISGID != S_ISGID):
                raise unittest.SkipTest('No support for S_ISGID dir mode.')
            # The os should apply S_ISGID from the parent dir for us, but
            # this test need not depend on that behavior.  Be explicit.
            os.makedirs(path, mode | S_ISGID)
            # http://bugs.python.org/issue14992
            # Should not fail when the bit is already set.
            os.makedirs(path, mode, exist_ok=True)
            # remove the bit.
            os.chmod(path, stat.S_IMODE(os.lstat(path).st_mode) & ~S_ISGID)
            # May work even when the bit is not already set when demanded.
            os.makedirs(path, mode | S_ISGID, exist_ok=True)
        finally:
            os.umask(old_mask) 

def __str__(self):
        "create a unix-style long description of the file (like ls -l)"
        if self.st_mode is not None:
            kind = stat.S_IFMT(self.st_mode)
            if kind == stat.S_IFIFO:
                ks = 'p'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFCHR:
                ks = 'c'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFDIR:
                ks = 'd'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFBLK:
                ks = 'b'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFREG:
                ks = '-'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFLNK:
                ks = 'l'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFSOCK:
                ks = 's'
            else:
                ks = '?'
            ks += self._rwx((self.st_mode & 0700) >> 6, self.st_mode & stat.S_ISUID)
            ks += self._rwx((self.st_mode & 070) >> 3, self.st_mode & stat.S_ISGID)
            ks += self._rwx(self.st_mode & 7, self.st_mode & stat.S_ISVTX, True)
        else:
            ks = '?---------'
        # compute display date
        if (self.st_mtime is None) or (self.st_mtime == 0xffffffffL):
            # shouldn't really happen
            datestr = '(unknown date)'
        else:
            if abs(time.time() - self.st_mtime) > 15552000:
                # (15552000 = 6 months)
                datestr = time.strftime('%d %b %Y', time.localtime(self.st_mtime))
            else:
                datestr = time.strftime('%d %b %H:%M', time.localtime(self.st_mtime))
        filename = getattr(self, 'filename', '?')

        # not all servers support uid/gid
        uid = self.st_uid
        gid = self.st_gid
        if uid is None:
            uid = 0
        if gid is None:
            gid = 0

        return '%s   1 %-8d %-8d %8d %-12s %s' % (ks, uid, gid, self.st_size, datestr, filename) 

def __str__(self):
        "create a unix-style long description of the file (like ls -l)"
        if self.st_mode is not None:
            kind = stat.S_IFMT(self.st_mode)
            if kind == stat.S_IFIFO:
                ks = 'p'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFCHR:
                ks = 'c'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFDIR:
                ks = 'd'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFBLK:
                ks = 'b'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFREG:
                ks = '-'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFLNK:
                ks = 'l'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFSOCK:
                ks = 's'
            else:
                ks = '?'
            ks += self._rwx((self.st_mode & 0700) >> 6, self.st_mode & stat.S_ISUID)
            ks += self._rwx((self.st_mode & 070) >> 3, self.st_mode & stat.S_ISGID)
            ks += self._rwx(self.st_mode & 7, self.st_mode & stat.S_ISVTX, True)
        else:
            ks = '?---------'
        # compute display date
        if (self.st_mtime is None) or (self.st_mtime == 0xffffffffL):
            # shouldn't really happen
            datestr = '(unknown date)'
        else:
            if abs(time.time() - self.st_mtime) > 15552000:
                # (15552000 = 6 months)
                datestr = time.strftime('%d %b %Y', time.localtime(self.st_mtime))
            else:
                datestr = time.strftime('%d %b %H:%M', time.localtime(self.st_mtime))
        filename = getattr(self, 'filename', '?')

        # not all servers support uid/gid
        uid = self.st_uid
        gid = self.st_gid
        if uid is None:
            uid = 0
        if gid is None:
            gid = 0

        return '%s   1 %-8d %-8d %8d %-12s %s' % (ks, uid, gid, self.st_size, datestr, filename) 

def __str__(self):
        """create a unix-style long description of the file (like ls -l)"""
        if self.st_mode is not None:
            kind = stat.S_IFMT(self.st_mode)
            if kind == stat.S_IFIFO:
                ks = 'p'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFCHR:
                ks = 'c'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFDIR:
                ks = 'd'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFBLK:
                ks = 'b'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFREG:
                ks = '-'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFLNK:
                ks = 'l'
            elif kind == stat.S_IFSOCK:
                ks = 's'
            else:
                ks = '?'
            ks += self._rwx((self.st_mode & o700) >> 6, self.st_mode & stat.S_ISUID)
            ks += self._rwx((self.st_mode & o70) >> 3, self.st_mode & stat.S_ISGID)
            ks += self._rwx(self.st_mode & 7, self.st_mode & stat.S_ISVTX, True)
        else:
            ks = '?---------'
        # compute display date
        if (self.st_mtime is None) or (self.st_mtime == xffffffff):
            # shouldn't really happen
            datestr = '(unknown date)'
        else:
            if abs(time.time() - self.st_mtime) > 15552000:
                # (15552000 = 6 months)
                datestr = time.strftime('%d %b %Y', time.localtime(self.st_mtime))
            else:
                datestr = time.strftime('%d %b %H:%M', time.localtime(self.st_mtime))
        filename = getattr(self, 'filename', '?')

        # not all servers support uid/gid
        uid = self.st_uid
        gid = self.st_gid
        size = self.st_size
        if uid is None:
            uid = 0
        if gid is None:
            gid = 0
        if size is None:
            size = 0

        return '%s   1 %-8d %-8d %8d %-12s %s' % (ks, uid, gid, size, datestr, filename) 

def lsLine(name, s):
    mode = s.st_mode
    perms = array.array('c', '-'*10)
    ft = stat.S_IFMT(mode)
    if stat.S_ISDIR(ft): perms[0] = 'd'
    elif stat.S_ISCHR(ft): perms[0] = 'c'
    elif stat.S_ISBLK(ft): perms[0] = 'b'
    elif stat.S_ISREG(ft): perms[0] = '-'
    elif stat.S_ISFIFO(ft): perms[0] = 'f'
    elif stat.S_ISLNK(ft): perms[0] = 'l'
    elif stat.S_ISSOCK(ft): perms[0] = 's'
    else: perms[0] = '!'
    # user
    if mode&stat.S_IRUSR:perms[1] = 'r'
    if mode&stat.S_IWUSR:perms[2] = 'w'
    if mode&stat.S_IXUSR:perms[3] = 'x'
    # group
    if mode&stat.S_IRGRP:perms[4] = 'r'
    if mode&stat.S_IWGRP:perms[5] = 'w'
    if mode&stat.S_IXGRP:perms[6] = 'x'
    # other
    if mode&stat.S_IROTH:perms[7] = 'r'
    if mode&stat.S_IWOTH:perms[8] = 'w'
    if mode&stat.S_IXOTH:perms[9] = 'x'
    # suid/sgid
    if mode&stat.S_ISUID:
        if perms[3] == 'x': perms[3] = 's'
        else: perms[3] = 'S'
    if mode&stat.S_ISGID:
        if perms[6] == 'x': perms[6] = 's'
        else: perms[6] = 'S'
    l = perms.tostring()
    l += str(s.st_nlink).rjust(5) + ' '
    un = str(s.st_uid)
    l += un.ljust(9)
    gr = str(s.st_gid)
    l += gr.ljust(9)
    sz = str(s.st_size)
    l += sz.rjust(8)
    l += ' '
    sixmo = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7 * 26
    if s.st_mtime + sixmo < time(): # last edited more than 6mo ago
        l += strftime("%b %d  %Y ", localtime(s.st_mtime))
    else:
        l += strftime("%b %d %H:%M ", localtime(s.st_mtime))
    l += name
    return l 

def lsLine(name, s):
    mode = s.st_mode
    perms = array.array('c', '-'*10)
    ft = stat.S_IFMT(mode)
    if stat.S_ISDIR(ft): perms[0] = 'd'
    elif stat.S_ISCHR(ft): perms[0] = 'c'
    elif stat.S_ISBLK(ft): perms[0] = 'b'
    elif stat.S_ISREG(ft): perms[0] = '-'
    elif stat.S_ISFIFO(ft): perms[0] = 'f'
    elif stat.S_ISLNK(ft): perms[0] = 'l'
    elif stat.S_ISSOCK(ft): perms[0] = 's'
    else: perms[0] = '!'
    # user
    if mode&stat.S_IRUSR:perms[1] = 'r'
    if mode&stat.S_IWUSR:perms[2] = 'w'
    if mode&stat.S_IXUSR:perms[3] = 'x'
    # group
    if mode&stat.S_IRGRP:perms[4] = 'r'
    if mode&stat.S_IWGRP:perms[5] = 'w'
    if mode&stat.S_IXGRP:perms[6] = 'x'
    # other
    if mode&stat.S_IROTH:perms[7] = 'r'
    if mode&stat.S_IWOTH:perms[8] = 'w'
    if mode&stat.S_IXOTH:perms[9] = 'x'
    # suid/sgid
    if mode&stat.S_ISUID:
        if perms[3] == 'x': perms[3] = 's'
        else: perms[3] = 'S'
    if mode&stat.S_ISGID:
        if perms[6] == 'x': perms[6] = 's'
        else: perms[6] = 'S'
    l = perms.tostring()
    l += str(s.st_nlink).rjust(5) + ' '
    un = str(s.st_uid)
    l += un.ljust(9)
    gr = str(s.st_gid)
    l += gr.ljust(9)
    sz = str(s.st_size)
    l += sz.rjust(8)
    l += ' '
    sixmo = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7 * 26
    if s.st_mtime + sixmo < time.time(): # last edited more than 6mo ago
        l += time.strftime("%b %2d  %Y ", time.localtime(s.st_mtime))
    else:
        l += time.strftime("%b %2d %H:%S ", time.localtime(s.st_mtime))
    l += name
    return l 

def humanUnixAttributes(mode):
    """
    Convert a Unix file attributes (or "file mode") to an unicode string.

    Original source code:
    http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/coreutils/lib/filemode.c?root=coreutils

    >>> humanUnixAttributes(0644)
    u'-rw-r--r-- (644)'
    >>> humanUnixAttributes(02755)
    u'-rwxr-sr-x (2755)'
    """

    def ftypelet(mode):
        if stat.S_ISREG (mode) or not stat.S_IFMT(mode):
            return '-'
        if stat.S_ISBLK (mode): return 'b'
        if stat.S_ISCHR (mode): return 'c'
        if stat.S_ISDIR (mode): return 'd'
        if stat.S_ISFIFO(mode): return 'p'
        if stat.S_ISLNK (mode): return 'l'
        if stat.S_ISSOCK(mode): return 's'
        return '?'

    chars = [ ftypelet(mode), 'r', 'w', 'x', 'r', 'w', 'x', 'r', 'w', 'x' ]
    for i in xrange(1, 10):
        if not mode & 1 << 9 - i:
            chars[i] = '-'
    if mode & stat.S_ISUID:
        if chars[3] != 'x':
            chars[3] = 'S'
        else:
            chars[3] = 's'
    if mode & stat.S_ISGID:
        if chars[6] != 'x':
            chars[6] = 'S'
        else:
            chars[6] = 's'
    if mode & stat.S_ISVTX:
        if chars[9] != 'x':
            chars[9] = 'T'
        else:
            chars[9] = 't'
    return u"%s (%o)" % (''.join(chars), mode) 

def humanUnixAttributes(mode):
    """
    Convert a Unix file attributes (or "file mode") to an unicode string.

    Original source code:
    http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/coreutils/lib/filemode.c?root=coreutils

    >>> humanUnixAttributes(0644)
    u'-rw-r--r-- (644)'
    >>> humanUnixAttributes(02755)
    u'-rwxr-sr-x (2755)'
    """

    def ftypelet(mode):
        if stat.S_ISREG (mode) or not stat.S_IFMT(mode):
            return '-'
        if stat.S_ISBLK (mode): return 'b'
        if stat.S_ISCHR (mode): return 'c'
        if stat.S_ISDIR (mode): return 'd'
        if stat.S_ISFIFO(mode): return 'p'
        if stat.S_ISLNK (mode): return 'l'
        if stat.S_ISSOCK(mode): return 's'
        return '?'

    chars = [ ftypelet(mode), 'r', 'w', 'x', 'r', 'w', 'x', 'r', 'w', 'x' ]
    for i in xrange(1, 10):
        if not mode & 1 << 9 - i:
            chars[i] = '-'
    if mode & stat.S_ISUID:
        if chars[3] != 'x':
            chars[3] = 'S'
        else:
            chars[3] = 's'
    if mode & stat.S_ISGID:
        if chars[6] != 'x':
            chars[6] = 'S'
        else:
            chars[6] = 's'
    if mode & stat.S_ISVTX:
        if chars[9] != 'x':
            chars[9] = 'T'
        else:
            chars[9] = 't'
    return u"%s (%o)" % (''.join(chars), mode) 

def humanUnixAttributes(mode):
    """
    Convert a Unix file attributes (or "file mode") to an unicode string.

    Original source code:
    http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/coreutils/lib/filemode.c?root=coreutils

    >>> humanUnixAttributes(0644)
    u'-rw-r--r-- (644)'
    >>> humanUnixAttributes(02755)
    u'-rwxr-sr-x (2755)'
    """

    def ftypelet(mode):
        if stat.S_ISREG (mode) or not stat.S_IFMT(mode):
            return '-'
        if stat.S_ISBLK (mode): return 'b'
        if stat.S_ISCHR (mode): return 'c'
        if stat.S_ISDIR (mode): return 'd'
        if stat.S_ISFIFO(mode): return 'p'
        if stat.S_ISLNK (mode): return 'l'
        if stat.S_ISSOCK(mode): return 's'
        return '?'

    chars = [ ftypelet(mode), 'r', 'w', 'x', 'r', 'w', 'x', 'r', 'w', 'x' ]
    for i in xrange(1, 10):
        if not mode & 1 << 9 - i:
            chars[i] = '-'
    if mode & stat.S_ISUID:
        if chars[3] != 'x':
            chars[3] = 'S'
        else:
            chars[3] = 's'
    if mode & stat.S_ISGID:
        if chars[6] != 'x':
            chars[6] = 'S'
        else:
            chars[6] = 's'
    if mode & stat.S_ISVTX:
        if chars[9] != 'x':
            chars[9] = 'T'
        else:
            chars[9] = 't'
    return u"%s (%o)" % (''.join(chars), mode) 

def makedirs(name, mode=0o777, exist_ok=False):
    """makedirs(path [, mode=0o777][, exist_ok=False])

    Super-mkdir; create a leaf directory and all intermediate ones.
    Works like mkdir, except that any intermediate path segment (not
    just the rightmost) will be created if it does not exist. If the
    target directory with the same mode as we specified already exists,
    raises an OSError if exist_ok is False, otherwise no exception is
    raised.  This is recursive.

    """
    head, tail = path.split(name)
    if not tail:
        head, tail = path.split(head)
    if head and tail and not path.exists(head):
        try:
            makedirs(head, mode, exist_ok)
        except OSError as e:
            # be happy if someone already created the path
            if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                raise
        cdir = curdir
        if isinstance(tail, bytes):
            cdir = bytes(curdir, 'ASCII')
        if tail == cdir:           # xxx/newdir/. exists if xxx/newdir exists
            return
    try:
        mkdir(name, mode)
    except OSError as e:
        dir_exists = path.isdir(name)
        expected_mode = _get_masked_mode(mode)
        if dir_exists:
            # S_ISGID is automatically copied by the OS from parent to child
            # directories on mkdir.  Don't consider it being set to be a mode
            # mismatch as mkdir does not unset it when not specified in mode.
            actual_mode = st.S_IMODE(lstat(name).st_mode) & ~st.S_ISGID
        else:
            actual_mode = -1
        if not (e.errno == errno.EEXIST and exist_ok and dir_exists and
                actual_mode == expected_mode):
            if dir_exists and actual_mode != expected_mode:
                e.strerror += ' (mode %o != expected mode %o)' % (
                        actual_mode, expected_mode)
            raise